Hi,
sobat!
Tahukah
kamu apa itu modifier? Ya, modifier merupakan sebuah kata atau sekumpulan kata
yang memodifikasi kata lainnya dalam sebuah kalimat. Modifiers dalam bahasa Inggris
dapat berupa adverb (kata keterangan), adjective (kata sifat), conjunction
(kata hubung), article (kata sandang), dan sebagainya.
Apa itu Phrase?
Selain itu, dalam
sebuah kalimat kita juga dapat menjumpai “Introductory Phrase”. Introductory
phrase merupakan frasa yang berada sebelum main clause (induk kalimat).
Introductory phrase ini biasanya berupa subordinate clause (anak kalimat),
seperti adverb clause yang telah direduksi atau dipersingkat.
Pada
kesempatan kali ini, kita akan membahas Introductory Phrase sebagai Modifiers
dalam sebuah kalimat. Yuk, simak
penjelasannya berikut ini!
Introductory Phrase as Modifiers
Introductory
phrase biasanya berupa subordinate clause, seperti reduced adverb clause yang
melengkapi main clause (induk kalimat). Reduced adverb clause merupakan klausa
adverbia (keterangan) yang telah direduksi atau disingkat sehingga menjadi
adverb phrase (frasa adverbial).
Subjek
pada main clause (induk kalimat) harus sama dengan subjek yang dimaksud oleh
introductory phrase. Dengan kata lain, introductory phrase memodifikasi subjek
yang ada pada main clause dalam sebuah kalimat. Perhatikan beberapa contoh
berikut ini!
|
Introductory Phrase, Main Clause |
|
Looking at his watch, Mr. Jones
got up and left. (Mr. Jones merupakan subjek induk kalimat) Who looked at his watch? Mr Jones Who got up and left? Mr Jones |
|
Introductory
Phrase, Main Clause |
|
Compared to his father, John is
a tall man. (John merupakan subjek induk kalimat) Who is compared to his father? John Who is a tall man? John |
|
Introductory
Phrase, Main Clause |
|
To make a collect phone call, Mary
must speak to the operator. (Mary merupakan subjek induk kalimat) Who is making a collect phone call?
Mary Who must speak to the operator? Mary |
|
Introductory
Phrase, Main Clause |
|
While a dancer in New York, Kathy
injured her leg. (Kathy merupakan subjek induk kalimat) Who was a dancer in New York? Kathy Who injured her leg? Kathy |
Error Example
Perhatikan
beberapa contoh introductory phrase sebagai modifiers yang salah pada kalimat
berikut ini dan pembenarannya!
|
Wrong Sentence |
Right
Sentence |
|
Running home from school, a dog bit me.
|
Running home from school,
I was bitten by a dog. |
|
When only a child, my father took me to
the circus. |
When only a child, I was taken to the circus by my father. |
|
Hidden in his pocket, George left the
room with the key. |
Having hidden the
key in his pocket, George left the room. |
|
To understand the directions, they must
be read carefully. |
To understand the
directions, one must be read carefully. |
Catatan:
Introductory
phrase seringkali berupa reduced adverb clause yaitu klausa adverbial yang
direduksi atau dipersingkat. Oleh karena itu, introductory phrase dapat disebut
juga adverb phrase. Yang perlu diperhatikan adalah adanya kesesuaian subjek
antara main clause (klausa utama) dengan subjek yang dimaksud oleh reduced
adverb clause atau introductory phrase. Perhatikan contoh berikut!
Sentence
1. After George had hidden the key in his pocket, he left
the room.
Sentence
2. Having hidden the key in his pocket, George left the room.
Keterangan:
Kalimat
ke-1 dan ke-2, memiliki makna yang sama. Struktur kalimat ke-1 yaitu
Subordinate Clause, + Main Clause (Anak kalimat, Induk kalimat). Subordinate
Clause pada kalimat ke-1 berupa adverb clause. Sedangkan, struktur kalimat ke-2
yaitu Introductory Phrase, Main Clause (frasa, induk kalimat). Introductory phrase
yang dimaksud merupakan bentuk adverb clause yang telah direduksi. Sementara
itu, subjek yang dimaksud, baik pada subordinate clause/introductory phrase
dengan main clause sama yaitu Geroge.
Skill Builder 3: Introductory Phrase as Modifiers
Direction:
There is an introductory phrase and main clause in these sentences. Decide if
the sentences below are correct “C” or incorrect “I”.
(___) 1.
Playing in the street, the truck hit the child.
(___) 2.
By painting and repairing as needed, your home can be kept in good condition.
(___) 3.
Before leaving, Jane kissed me goodbye.
(___) 4.
Addressed and stamped, I dropped the letter in the slot.
(___) 5.
While a student at college, my mother met my father
(___) 6.
Walking toward the church, the stained-glass windows looked beautiful.
(___) 7.
To understand the subject, a great deal of studying must be done.
(___) 8.
Skiing down the steep hill, my heart beat crazily.
(___) 9.
Watching her daughter play, Mary thought about life as a mother.
(___) 10.
Once learned, a language cannot easily be forgotten.
(___) 11.
When only a child, my father taught me how to play soccer.
(___) 12.
Studying and reading, the day passed quickly.
(___) 13.
To make a good cup of coffee, one must begin with high-quality coffee beans.
(___) 14.
Sitting alone in his room, the strange noise frightened him.
(___) 15.
Wrapped in pretty, green paper, Phyllis put the package on the table.
Key Answer & Its Correction
(I) 1. Playing
in the street, the child was hit by the truck.
(I) 2. By
painting and repairing as needed, one can keep one`s house in good
condition.
(C) 3. Before
leaving, Jane kissed me goodbye.
(I) 4. After
I had addressed and stamped the letter, I dropped it in the slot.
(C) 5. While
a student at college, my mother met my father
(I) 6. Walking
toward the church, I noticed the beautiful stained-glass windows.
(I) 7. To
understand the subject, one must do a great deal of studying.
(I) 8. Skiing
down the steep hill, I felt my heart beat crazily.
(C) 9. Watching
her daughter play, Mary thought about life as a mother.
(C) 10.
Once learned, a language cannot easily be forgotten.
(I) 11.
When I was only a child, my father taught me how to play
soccer.
(I) 12.
Studying and reading, I passed the day quickly.
(C) 13.
To make a good cup of coffee, one must begin with high-quality
coffee beans.
(I) 14.
Sitting alone in his room, he was frightened by the strange noise.
(I) 15.
Having wrapped in pretty, green paper, Phyllis put it on the
table.
Next
to >>> Modifiers:
Adjective-Adverb as Modifiers
See Also:
1. Modifiers
2. Kinds of Clause:
Subordinate Clause & Main Clause
3. Kinds of Phrase:
Adjective Phrase, Noun Phrase, Adverb Phrase, & Verb Phrase
4. Kinds of Clause:
Adverb Clause, Noun Clause, & Adjective Clause
5. Reduced Clause
Source
Peterson`s
(www.petersons.com). (2007). Peterson`s
Master TOEFL Writing Skills. Peterson`s, a Nelnet Company
Demikian tadi sekilas Pembahasan TOEFL
Writing Skills terkait “Introductory Phrase as Modifiers”. Semoga bermanfaat
dan dapat menambah wawasan baru bagi kita dalam mempelajari bahasa Inggris;
serta, terutama bagi kalian yang ingin atau akan mengikuti tes TOEFL.
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