Tahukah kamu apa itu
modifier? Ya, modifier merupakan sebuah kata atau sekumpulan kata yang
memodifikasi kata lainnya dalam sebuah kalimat. Modifiers dalam bahasa Inggris
dapat berupa adverb (kata keterangan), adjective (kata sifat), conjunction
(kata hubung), article (kata sandang), dan sebagainya.
Apa itu quantifier?
Quantifiers merupakan
sebuah kata atau gabungan dari beberapa kata yang menerangkan jumlah atau kuantitas
dari sesuatu benda (noun). Quantifiers ini seringkali menjadi jawaban atas
pertanyaan banyaknya suatu benda, seperti how many atau how much (berapa banyak).
Quantifiers antara lain some, few, little, any, many, much, most, more,
several, a lot of, dan sebagainya.
Selain itu,
quantifier seringkali memodifikasi makna noun (kata benda). Dengan kata lain
quantifier dan noun membentuk noun phrase (frasa nomina). Oleh karena itu,
quatifier umumnya diikuti dengan noun (kata benda), yaitu dengan struktur
penulisan sebagai berikut.
Quantifier + Noun
Quantifier umumnya
dibedakan berdasarkan penggunaan dan jenis noun (kata benda) yang menyertainya.
Quantifiers dibagi menjadi 3 macam yaitu countable quantifier, uncountable
quantifier, dan countable & uncountable quantifier.
a. Countable Quantifiers, merupakan quantifier yang diikuti oleh countable noun
(kata yaitu kata benda yang dapat dihitung jumlahnya secara satuan, seperti
class, students, book, table, chair, dan lain-lain. Contoh Countable
Quantifiers, yaitu: a atau an, many, a few/ few/ very few, one, several, each,
a majority of, a number of, a great number of, every, both, a couple of, a
large number of, dan lain-lain.
b. Uncountable
Quantifiers, merupakan
quantifier yang diikuti oleh uncountable noun, yaitu kata benda tidak dapat
dihitung secara satuan, melainkan dengan hanya dapat ditakar atau diukur dengan
satuan tertentu, seperti money, sugar, coffee, information, knowledge, love,
dan lain-lain. Contoh Uncountable Quantifiers, yaitu: a little/ little/ very
little, a bit of, much, a great deal of, a large amount of, a large quantity
of, dan lain-lain.
c. Countable &
Uncountable Quantifiers, merupakan
quantifier yang dapat diikuti oleh keduanya, baik countable dan uncountable
nouns. Contohnya Countable & Uncountable Quantifiers, yaitu: enough, no/
none, any, some, a lot of, lots of, most, all, plenty of, more, less/ least dan
lain-lain.
Baca Juga: Quantifier
Baca Juga: Part of
Speech: Noun
Pada kesempatan kali
ini, kita akan membahas terkait penggunaan few, little, much, dan many dalam
sebuah kalimat. Yuk, simak penjelasannya
berikut ini!
The Use of Few, Little, Much, and Many
Dalam bahasa Inggris,
kita seringkali salah dalam menggunakan quantifier, seperti few, little, much,
dan many dalam sebuah kalimat lisan ataupun tertulis. Padahal baik quantifier
dan noun harus sesuai. Berikut ini beberapa hal yang perlu diperhatikan terkait
penggunaan few, little, much, dan many dalam sebuah kalimat.
1. Quantifier, seperti few,
fewer, fewest, dan many, diikuti oleh plural countable nouns. Perhatikan contoh
kalimat berikut ini.
There are few students from Japan in our English
class.
This year we received fewer replies to our ad than
ever before.
John has the fewest chapters left to read of
anyone in the class.
There are many reasons to study hard for that
test.
2. Sedangkan,
quantifier, seperti little, less, least, dan much, diikuti oleh uncountable
nouns.
He gave me a little advice about choosing a
school.
Susan has less money than I.
He did the least amount of work of anyone in the
class.
Berikut ini beberapa
yang juga perlu kita perhatikan terkait countable atau uncountable noun di
antaranya yaitu:
a. Umumnya, plural countable
nouns dapat dikenali dengan adanya akhiran “-s/-es” pada noun—disebut dengan
regular plural noun. Sementara itu, ada juga bentuk irregular plural noun,
seperti people, men, women, children, and police.
b. Uncountable noun
umumnya berupa abstract noun atau benda-benda yang tidak dapat dihitung secara
satuan, seperti fruit, homework, bread, money, furniture, and time. Jangan
tambahkan akhiran “-s/-es” pada uncountable noun ini.
c. Kata “news” terlihat
seperti plural, namun kata ini merupakan uncountable noun. Contohnya: Little
news is coming from that country.
Error Examples
Perhatikan beberapa
contoh penggunaan Few, Little, Much, dan Many yang salah pada kalimat berikut
ini dan pembenarannya!
|
Wrong Sentence |
Right Sentence |
|
There are much books on the shelf. |
There are many books on the shelf. |
|
There is not many industry in that town. |
There is not much industry in that town. |
|
He had few winter clothing when he arrived. |
He had little winter clothing when he
arrived. |
|
You need a little dollars to buy this book. |
You need a few dollars to buy this book. |
|
Lloyd scored the least points in the
basketball game. |
Lloyd scored the fewest points in the
basketball game. |
|
Isabelle bought less than ten items. |
Isabelle bought fewer than ten items. |
Catatan:
Penggunaan antara
quantifier harus sesuai dengan noun yang diikutinya, baik noun yang
mengikutinya berupa countable noun ataupun uncountable noun.
Skill Builder 9: The Use of Few, Little, Much, and Many
Direction: There is some
quantifier, such as few, little, much, and many in these sentences. Decide if
the sentences below are correct “C” or incorrect “I”.
(_____)
1. I do not like many sugar in my coffee.
(_____)
2. They did not put much furniture in
their new office.
(_____)
3. We did not have much knowledge about
physics.
(_____)
4. Of the four people injured in the accident, the child needed the fewest
medical attention.
(_____)
5. John had so few news from his parents
that he was worried.
(_____)
6. I usually have little money at the
end of the month.
(_____)
7. Debby spent less time studying for the exam than Robin did.
(_____)
8. He predicted that few people would
die of radiation poisoning.
(_____)
9. Bill has the least cavities of anyone
in his class.
(_____)
10. We wanted to go on vacation, but we
had few money.
(_____)
11. There were so few good seats left that we decided not to buy tickets to the
concert.
(_____)
12. Nowadays, much women are becoming
lawyers.
(_____)
13. That party did not have much entertainment.
(_____)
14. There is not many news available on that subject.
(_____)
15. During the war, our government received fewer information about the
situation in that country.
(_____)
16. There were a little people waiting to buy tickets.
(_____)
17. He had so many homework that he
could not go to the movies.
(_____)
18. Although she was rich, she wore little jewelry.
(_____)
19. There were so much campus police at the football game that there was no trouble.
(_____)
20. He did not eat many fruit in the winter.
Key Answer & Its Correction
(I)
1. I do not like much sugar in my coffee.
(C)
2. They did not put much furniture
in their new office.
(C)
3. We did not have much knowledge
about physics.
(I)
4. Of the four people injured in the accident, the child needed the least medical
attention.
(I)
5. John had so little news
from his parents that he was worried.
(C)
6. I usually have little money at
the end of the month.
(C)
7. Debby spent less time studying for the exam than Robin did.
(C)
8. He predicted that few people
would die of radiation poisoning.
(I)
9. Bill has the fewest cavities
of anyone in his class.
(I)
10. We wanted to go on vacation, but we
had little money.
(C)
11. There were so few good seats left that we decided not to buy
tickets to the concert.
(I)
12. Nowadays, many women
are becoming lawyers.
(C)
13. That party did not have much entertainment.
(I)
14. There is not much news available on that subject.
(I)
15. During the war, our government received less information about the situation in that
country.
(I)
16. There were a few people waiting to buy tickets.
(I)
17. He had so much homework
that he could not go to the movies.
(C)
18. Although she was rich, she wore little jewelry.
(I)
19. There were so many campus police at the football game that there
was no trouble.
(I)
20. He did not eat much fruit in the winter.
See Also
1. Part of Speech
2. Part of Speech: Noun
3. Quantifier
Peterson`s
(www.petersons.com). (2007). Peterson`s
Master TOEFL Writing Skills. Peterson`s, a Nelnet Company
Demikian tadi sekilas Pembahasan TOEFL
Writing Skills terkait “Modifier: Few, Little, Much, And Many”. Semoga
bermanfaat dan dapat menambah wawasan baru bagi kita dalam mempelajari bahasa
Inggris; serta, terutama bagi kalian yang ingin atau akan mengikuti tes TOEFL.
Penulis mengharapkan saran dan kritik yang membangun
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hal tersebut dapat penulis jadikan inspirasi dan motivasi untuk melakukan
perbaikan dan pengembangan tulisan berikutnya. Terima kasih 😊
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