Cause-Effect_TOEFL Part 14 Writing Skill

 

TOEFL MASTER

WRITING SKILL

“MODIFIER: CAUSE & RESULT“

Hi, sobat!

Tahukah kamu apa itu modifier? Ya, modifier merupakan sebuah kata atau sekumpulan kata yang memodifikasi kata lainnya dalam sebuah kalimat. Modifiers dalam bahasa Inggris dapat berupa adverb (kata keterangan), adjective (kata sifat), conjunction (kata hubung), article (kata sandang), dan sebagainya.

 

Apa itu Cause-Result?

Cause-result, disebut juga cause-effect, merupakan klausa yang menyatakan hubungan sebab akibat di antara beberapa klausa dalam sebuah kalimat. Umumnya, dalam sebuuah kalimat kita dapat menjumpai dua atau lebih klausa, yaitu terdapat klausa yang menyatakan sebab (cause clause) dan klausa yang menyatakan akibat atau hasil (effect clause). Dalam complex sentence (kalimat kompleks), klause cause-effect ini ditandai dengan penggunaan cause-effect conjunction (kata hubung sebab-akibat), seperti as (karena), because, because of (karena), due, due to (karena), since (karena), such/so that (sehingga), now that (karena sekarang), so (jadi), dan sebagainya.

Baca Juga: Kinds of Sentence: Simple, Compound, Complex, & Compound-Complex

 

Pada kesempatan kali ini, kita akan membahas terkait cause-result dalam sebuah kalimat.  Yuk, simak penjelasannya berikut ini!

 

Cause & Result

Dalam bahasa Inggris, klausa cause-and-result seringkali ditandai dengan penggunaan cause-effect conjunction. Cause-effect conjunction ini ada yang berupa single word conjunction, yaitu kata hubung yang terdiri dari sebuah kata penyusun seperti as, because, due, since, dan so. Sementara itu, beberapa conjunction lainnya berupa paired conjunction, yaitu kata hubung yang berpasangan atau tersusun atas dua kata, seperti because of, due to, so that, such that, now that, dan lain-lain.

Kata cause-result conjunction “so … that” atau “such … that” memiliki makna “sehingga, oleh karena itu, atau sebab itu”. Berikut ini beberapa hal yang perlu diperhatiakan dalam klausa cause-result yang diikuti dengan kata hubung “so … that” atau “such … that”.

1. So
a. Subject + be/verb + so + adjective + that + Subject + be/verb + Objek.
Contoh:
He was so tired that he fell asleep.

b. Subject + be/verb + so + adverb + that + Subject + be/verb + Objek.
Contoh:
He reads so slowly that he can never finish his homework.

c. Subject + be/verb + so + many/few countable noun + that + Subject + be/verb + Objek.
Contoh:
She had so many problems that she could not concentrate.
There were so few tickets sold that the concert was cancelled.

d. Subject + be/verb + so + much/little uncountable noun + that + Subject + be/verb + Objek.
Contoh:
The storm caused so much damage that the people were forced to leave their homes.
They had so little interest in the project that it failed.

Baca Juga: Part of Speech: Countable & Uncountable Noun

2. Such
a. Subject + be/verb + such + adjective + plural countable noun + that + Subject + be/verb + Objek.
Contoh:
They were such good students that they did very well on the TOEFL.

b. Subject + be/verb + such + adjective + uncountable noun + that + Subject + be/verb + Objek.
Contoh:
It was such good cake that we asked for more.

3. So or such (singular countable nouns dapat digunakan untuk keduanya dengan pola kalimat berikut ini)
a. Subject + be/verb + so + adjective + a/an singular countable noun + that + Subject + be/verb + Objek.
Contoh:
He had so bad a headache that he left early.

b. Subject + be/verb + such + a/an adjective + singular countable noun + that + Subject + be/verb + Objek.
Contoh:
He had such a bad headache that he left early.

Catatan:

a. Hati-hati untuk tidak menghilangkan article “a/an” sebelum singular countable noun.
b. Pola cause-and-result diungkapkan dengan penggunaan conjunction: “so/such . . . that”.

Baca Juga: Part of Speech: Conjunction

 

Error Examples

Perhatikan beberapa contoh cause & result salah pada kalimat berikut ini dan pembenarannya!

 

Wrong Sentence	Right Sentence
The doctor had too many patients that he could not see them all.	The doctor had so many patients that he could not see them all.
It was so good game that the stadium was packed.	It was such a good game that the stadium was packed. OR It was so good a game that the stadium was packed.
The book was as interesting that I could not put it down.	The book was so interesting that I could not put it down.
He is so shy as he never speaks in class.	He is so shy that he never speaks in class.
They had a such good time in Rome that they always dreamed of going back.	They had such a good time in Rome that they always dreamed of going back.
He gave me so good advice that I was very grateful to him.	He gave me such good advice that I was very grateful to him.

 

Skill Builder 14: Cause & Result

Direction: There is some cause-and-result clause in these sentences. Decide if the sentences below are correct “C” or incorrect “I”.

(___) 1. They had so a good meal at that restaurant that they wanted to go there again.

(___) 2.  They were such talented actors that their movie was a great success.

(___) 3.  The store had too few customers that it closed.

(___) 4. It was such a long lesson that we could not finish it in one day.

(___) 5.  He was as rich that he owned four homes.

(___) 6.  He is so forgetful as he never pays his rent on time.

(___) 7. She was such a good student that she won a scholarship.

(___) 8.  They had a such bad day that they got depressed.

(___) 9.  It was so warm weather that we went to the swimming pool.

(___) 10. The old woman’s handwriting was so faint that I could hardly read it.

(___) 11.  The stars are so far from the earth that we cannot see most of them.

(___) 12. I had too many things to do that I could not finish them all.

(___) 13. It was so confusing as I could not understand it.

(___) 14.  He spoke such good Arabic that he surprised everyone.

(___) 15. The building was as large that we had difficulty finding his office.

 

Key Answer & Its Correction

(I) 1. They had so good a meal at that restaurant that they wanted to go there again. Atau (such a good meal that)

(C) 2.  They were such talented actors that their movie was a great success.

(I) 3.  The store had so few customers that it closed.

(C) 4. It was such a long lesson that we could not finish it in one day.

(I) 5.  He was so rich that he owned four homes.

(I) 6.  He is so forgetful that he never pays his rent on time.

(C) 7. She was such a good student that she won a scholarship.

(I) 8.  They had such bad a day that they got depressed. Atau (such a bad day that)

(I) 9.  It was such warm weather that we went to the swimming pool.

(C) 10. The old woman’s handwriting was so faint that I could hardly read it.

(C) 11.  The stars are so far from the earth that we cannot see most of them.

(I) 12. I had such many things to do that I could not finish them all.

(I) 13. It was so confusing that I could not understand it.

(C) 14.  He spoke such good Arabic that he surprised everyone.

(I) 15. The building was so large that we had difficulty finding his office.

 

See Also:

1. Part of Speech
2. Part of Speech: Noun
3. Part of Speech: Adjective
4. Part of Speech: Conjunction
5. Part of Speech: Adverb

Source

Peterson`s (www.petersons.com). (2007). Peterson`s Master TOEFL Writing Skills. Peterson`s, a Nelnet Company

 

Demikian tadi sekilas Pembahasan TOEFL Writing Skills terkait “Modifiers: Cause-Result”. Semoga bermanfaat dan dapat menambah wawasan baru bagi kita dalam mempelajari bahasa Inggris; serta, terutama bagi kalian yang ingin atau akan mengikuti tes TOEFL.

Penulis mengharapkan saran dan kritik yang membangun dari para pembaca berkaitan dengan konteks atau isi tulisan sehingga nantinya hal tersebut dapat penulis jadikan inspirasi dan motivasi untuk melakukan perbaikan dan pengembangan tulisan berikutnya. Terima kasih 😊