Pembahasan TOEFL Test Part 12D The Written Expression "Problem With Nouns"

 

TOEFL PART 12D

THE WRITTEN EXPRESSION QUESTIONS

“PROBLEMS WITH NOUNS”

 

Tipe permasalahan yang sama pada noun (kata benda) seringkali muncul pada bagian written expression pada tes TOEFL. Anda harus terbiasa dengan permasalah-permasalahan tersebut sehingga Anda akan dengan mudah memahami mereka. Anda harus mampu melakukan hal berikut: (1) menggunakan singular noun (kata benda tungal) atau plural noun (kata benda jamak) dengan benar, (2) membedakan countable noun (kata benda yang dapat dihitung) dan uncountable noun (kata benda yang tidak dapat dihitung), (3) mengenali irregular singular noun (kata benda tunggal tidak beraturan) dan plural noun (kata benda jamak tidak beraturan), and (4) membedakan kata benda orang dari benda.

 

Sub-skill:

Skill 42 Distinguish The Person From The Thing (Membedakan Kata Benda Seseorang Dari Kata Benda)

 

Noun dalam bahasa Inggris dapat merujuk pada person (orang) atau thing (benda). Kadangkala, pada written expression questions pada tes TOEFL, person digunakan untuk menggantikan thing, ataupun thing digunakan untuk menggantikan person.

 

1. Ralph Nader is an authorization* in the field of consumer affairs.

2. There are many job opportunities in accountant*.

 

Pada contoh ke-1, authorization salah karena authorization merupakan thing dan Ralph Nader merupakan person. Kata yang merujuk pada person (orang) “authority” seharusnya digunakan pada kalimat tersebut. Pada contoh ke-2, accountant salah karena accountant merupakan person dan bidang dimana accountant bekerja adalah accounting. Kata yang merujuk pada thing (benda) “accounting” seharusnya digunakan pada kalimat tersebut.

Perlu diingat!!

PERSON & THING

Person: - Kata noun yang merujuk pada person (orang) atau personal noun menduduki posisi sebagai subjek kalimat ataupun objek kalimat. - Personal noun ini umumnya diikuti dengan action verb (kata kerja tindakan) - Personal noun ditandai dengan penggunaan suffix (akhiran), seperti –or, -er, -ian, -ist, dan sebagainya. - Personal noun juga diawali dengan determiner atau modifier, seperti article (a, an, the), several, some, dan sebagainya.    Thing: - Kata noun yang merujuk pada thing (benda) dapat menduduki posisi sebagai subjek kalimat ataupun umumnya sebagai objek kalimat. - Thing noun ini umumnya diikuti dengan preposition (kata depan), seperti in, on, at, about, of, dan sebagainya. - Thing noun ini ditandai dengan penggunaan suffix (akhiran), seperti –ment, -ion, -ence atau –ance, -ation, -ure, -th, -y, -age, –al, -ing, dan sebagainya. - Thing noun ini dapat juga diawali dengan determiner atau modifier, namun yang paling dominan yaitu menyertasi adjective (kata sifat), seperti long, famous, dan sebagainya.

 

Exercise 42

Some of the following sentences contain incorrectly used persons or things. Underline the incorrectly used words. The indicate if the sentences are correct (C)  or incorrect (I).

1.    In the evening he relaxes in front of the fire and writes long poets. (.....)

2.    Service in the restaurant was slow because one cook had called in sick. (.....)

3.    The sclupture worked from sunrise until sunset on his new project. (.....)

4.    She has received several awards for her research in engineer. (.....)

5.    The economist’s radical views were printed in a column in the Sunday newspaper. (.....)

6.    You must have remarkable looks to works as a model for Vogue. (.....)

7.    He had several critics to offer about the new play. (.....)

8.    The gardener worked feverishly after the frost to save as many plants as possible. (.....)

9.    The company hired a statistic to prepare marketing studies for the new product. (.....)

10. The famous acting has appeared in more than fifty Broadway plays. (.....)

 

Key Answer

1.    In the evening he relaxes in front of the fire and writes long poets. (I) > “poets” harus diganti dengan thing yaitu poems.

2.    Service in the restaurant was slow because one cook had called in sick. (C)

3.    The sculpture worked from sunrise until sunset on his new project. (I) > “sculpture” harus diganti dengan person yaitu scluptor.

4.    She has received several awards for her research in engineer. (I) > “engineer” harus diganti dengan thing yaitu engineering.

5.    The economist’s radical views were printed in a column in the Sunday newspaper. (C)

6.    You must have remarkable looks to works as a model for Vogue. (C)

7.    He had several critics to offer about the new play. (C)

8.    The gardener worked feverishly after the frost to save as many plants as possible. (C)

9.    The company hired a statistic to prepare marketing studies for the new product. (I) > “statistic” harus diganti dengan person yaitu statistician.

10. The famous acting has appeared in more than fifty Broadway plays. (I) > “acting” harus diganti dengan person yaitu actor.

 

Exercise (Skills 39 - 42)

Study the nouns in the following sentences. Then, indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).

1.    The professor does not give many exam in chemistry class, but the ones she gives are difficult. (.....)

2.    His thesis includes an analyses of the hypotheses. (.....)

3.    It was his dream to be a musical in the New York Philharmonic. (.....)

4.    For the reception, the caterers prepared a large amount of food to serve a large number of people. (.....)

5.    Many job opportunities exist in the field of nurse if you will accept a low-paying position. (.....)

6.    For each business trip you make, you can choose from many different airlines. (.....)

7.    The stimulus for his career change is his acknowledgment that he is in a dead-end job. (.....)

8.    She wants to undergo a series of treatments, but she thinks it costs a little too much money. (.....)

9.    The television producer that was shown last night on the CBS network from 9:00 to 11:00 was one of the best shows of the season. (.....)

10. Various sight-seeing excursion were available from the tourist agency. (.....)

 

Key Answer

1.    The professor does not give many exam in chemistry class, but the ones she gives are difficult. (I) > kata “exam” seharusnya berupa plural noun yaitu exams karena diawali dengan plural modifier “many”.

2.    His thesis includes an analyses of the hypotheses. (I) > kata “analyses” seharusnya berupa singular noun yaitu analysis karena diawali dengan singular modifier “an”.

3.    It was his dream to be a musical in the New York Philharmonic. (I) > kata “musical” seharusnya berupa personal noun yaitu musician.

4.    For the reception, the caterers prepared a large amount of food to serve a large number of people. (C)

5.    Many job opportunities exist in the field of nurse if you will accept a low-paying position. (I) > kata “nurse” seharusnya berupa thing noun yaitu nursery.

6.    For each business trip you make, you can choose from many different airlines. (C)

7.    The stimulus for his career change is his acknowledgment that he is in a dead-end job. (C)

8.    She wants to undergo a series of treatments, but she thinks it costs a little too much money. (C)

9.    The television producer that was shown last night on the CBS network from 9:00 to 11:00 was one of the best shows of the season. (I) > kata “producer” seharusnya berupa thing noun yaitu production.

10. Various sight-seeing excursion were available from the tourist agency. (I) > kata "excursion" seharusnya berupa plural noun yaitu excursions.

Source

Longman Preparation Course for the TOEFL Test

See also:

1.    Part of Speech

2.    Part of Speech: Noun

3.    TOEFL Part 11 The Structure Questions: Part A & Part B

4.    TOEFL Part 12 The Structure Questions: Part A, Part B, Part C, & Part D

5.    TOEFL Part 13 The Structure Questions:

6.    TOEFL Part 14 The Structure Questions:

7.    TOEFL Part 15 The Structure Questions:

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Demikian tadi sekilas Penjelasan TOEFL Test Part 12D terkait Structure & Written Expression “Problems With Nouns”. Semoga bermanfaat dan dapat menambah wawasan baru bagi kita dalam mempelajari bahasa Inggris; serta, terutama bagi kalian yang ingin atau akan mengikuti tes TOEFL.

Penulis mengharapkan saran dan kritik yang membangun dari para pembaca berkaitan dengan konteks atau isi tulisan sehingga nantinya hal tersebut dapat penulis jadikan inspirasi dan motivasi untuk melakukan perbaikan dan pengembangan tulisan berikutnya. Terima kasih ;)