Materi Bahasa Inggris Kelas X Semester 2_Chapter 3 Narrative Text: Legend & Folk Tale

  

CHAPTER 3

NARRATIVE TEXT: LEGEND & FOLK TALE

(TEKS NARATIF: LEGENDA & CERITA RAKYAT)

 

Mata Pelajaran : Bahasa Inggris

Kelas : X (Sepuluh)

Semester : 2 / Genap

Kompetensi Dasar :

3.8 Membedakan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan beberapa teks naratif lisan dan tulis dengan memberi dan meminta informasi terkait legenda rakyat, sederhana, sesuai dengan konteks penggunaannya.

4.8 Menangkap makna secara kontekstual terkait fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan teks naratif, lisan dan tulis sederhana terkait legenda rakyat.

 

A.  Narrative Text

1.   Pengertian Narrative Text

Narrative text (to narrate: to tell a story, often by reading aloud from a text, or to describe events as they happen) adalah salah satu jenis teks bahasa Inggris yang berfungsi untuk menceritakan suatu cerita yang memiliki rangkaian peristiwa kronologis yang saling terhubung. Berbeda dengan recount text, narrative text ini tidak hanya menyampaikan rangkaian urutan cerita; melainkan juga menyertakan konflik atau permasalahan cerita yang dapat menarik perhatian dan minat para pembaca.

 

2.   Fungsi Sosial Narrative Text

Social function atau fungsi sosial narrative text yaitu:

1. To tell the past events on legend, myth, folk tale, fairy tale, etc. (untuk menceritakan peristiwa-peristiwa lampau terkait legenda, mitos, cerita rakyat, dongeng, dan lain-lain); 

2. To amuse or to entertain the reader with a story (untuk menghibur pembaca tentang suatu kisah atau cerita);

3. To give a moral value implicitly to the reader through a story (untuk memberikan sebuah nilai moral secara implisit (tersirat) kepada pembaca melalui cerita).

 

3.   Struktur Umum Narrative Text

Generic structure atau struktur umum Narrative text, yaitu:

a.   Orientation

Orientation merupakan bagian pendahuluan dimana memperkenalkan secara sekilas karakter atau tokoh, setting atau tempat, dan waktu cerita.

b.   Complication/ Conflict

Complication atau Conflict merupakan bagian yang menceritakan awal permasalahan atau konflik mulai muncul pada cerita yang menyebabkan krisis (klimaks: permasalahan mulai memuncak). Complication biasanya melibatkan karakter utama dan seringkali menjadi pusat perhatian pembaca.

c.   Resolution

Resolution merupakan bagian akhir atau penutup cerita yang mana berisikan solusi dari masalah atau konflik yang dihadapi oleh para tokoh. Solusi atau akhir dari masalah cerita sangat penting. Selain itu, resolution ini menunjukkan apakah masalah yang diselesaikan dapat menjadi lebih baik atau malah lebih buruk; juga berakhir bahagia atau sedih.

d.   Reorientation/ Coda

Reorientation atau coda merupakan pernyataan penulis untuk menutup cerita dan bersifat opsional (boleh dituliskan atau tidak). Reorientation atau coda ini biasanya berupa pesan pelajaran moral, saran atau pengajaran terkait cerita yang disampaikan penulis.

 

4.   Ciri-Ciri Kebahasaan Narrative Text

Narrative Text memiliki beberapa ciri-ciri kebahasaan atau language features yaitu:

§  Menggunakan pola waktu atau tense, yaitu Past Tense (Masa Lampau), seperti a) Simple Past: be (was, were) atau Verb-2, b) Past Continuous: be (was, were) Verb-ing, 3) Past Perfect: had Verb-3, dan 4) Past Perfect Continuous: had been Verb-ing; Lihat juga >>> Kinds of Tenses: Past Tense

§  Menggunakan Past Modals, seperti can – could, will – would, may – might, have to – had to, shall – should, dan lain-lain; Lihat juga >>> Auxiliary Verb: Primary & Modals Auxiliary Verb

§  Mengunakan Action Verb (kata kerja yang menunjukkan aksi, tindakan, atau aktivitas yang dilakukan) dalam bentuk Past Tense. Misalnya: Climbed, Turned, Brought, dan lain-lain; Lihat juga >>> Part of Speech: Verb

§  Menggunakan Specific Nouns (kata benda tertentu) sebagai kata ganti orang, hewan dan benda tertentu dalam cerita. Misalnya: the king, the queen, dan lain-lain; Lihat juga >>> Part of Speech: Noun

§  Menggunakan Adjective (kata sifat) yang membentuk noun phrase (frasa nomina). Misalnya: long black hair, two red apples, dan lain-lain; Lihat juga >>> Part of Speech: Adjective

§  Menggunakan Time Connectives dan Conjunctions (kata hubung waktu) untuk menghubungkan tata urutan kejadian/ peristiwa. Misalnya: then, before, after, soon, dan lain-lain; Lihat juga >>> Part of Speech: Conjunction

§  Menggunakan Adverb (kata keterangan) dan Adverbial Phrase (frasa adverbia) untuk menunjukkan lokasi kejadian atau peristiwa. Misalnya: here, in the mountain, happily ever after, dan lain-lain. Lihat juga >>> Part of Speech: Adverb

          *Catatan:

Ciri-ciri kebahasaan atau language features antara Narrative Text dan Recount Text memiliki kesamaan, yaitu karena ke-2nya menceritakan tata urutan atau rangkaian peristiwa di masa lalu maka menggunakan pola waktu “Past Tense”. Selain itu, ke-2 text tersebut juga memiliki unsur-unsur lainnya yang sama, seperti penggunaan conjunction (kata hubung), adverb (kata keterangan), dan lain-lain.

 

5.   Macam-Macam Narrative Text

Narrative text bisa berupa teks yang bersifat imajinatif, faktual, atau kombinasi keduanya. Narrative text dapat dibedakan menjadi beberapa macam, yaitu: fairy tales (dongeng), folk tales (cerita rakyat), mysteries (misteri), science fiction (fiksi ilmiah), romances (romansa atau percintaan), horror stories (cerita horor), adventure stories (cerita petualangan), fables (fabel: cerita binatang), myths (mitos), legends (legenda), historical narratives (narasi historis), ballads (balada), slice of life (potongan cerita kehidupan), personal experience (pengalaman pribadi), dan lain-lain. Berikut ini beberapa jenis narrative text, yaitu:

a.   Fairy Tales (Dongeng)

Fairy tales merupakan jenis cerita dongeng yang berisi peri, putri & pangeran, dan keajaiban-keajaiban dunia peri lainnya. Dalam cerita kita disuguhkan dengan elemen-elemen yang fantastis atau kejadian magis lainnya. Contoh fairy tale, yaitu Cinderella, Pinokio dan Snow White.

b.   Folk Tales (Cerita Rakyat)

Folktales adalah cerita rakyat yang berasal dari tradisi lisan, diturunkan oleh 'rakyat' pada zaman dahulu dan diceritakan kembali dari generasi ke generasi. Istilah 'cerita rakyat' dikenal juga dengan istilah dongeng, karena cerita rakyat dapat memiliki pelajaran dan pesan moral di akhir ceritanya. Cerita rakyat sering menampilkan orang sebagai karakter utama mereka. Contoh folk tales, yaitu Paul Bunyan and Babe the Blue Ox, Seeking the great wall, The American cowboy Pecos Bill lassoing a tornado dan Ali baba.

c.   Fables (Fabel: Cerita Binatang)

Fables adalah cerita yang biasanya menampilkan binatang atau hewan dalam ceritanya (nyata atau mitos) yang mana binatang atau hewan dalam cerita tersebut diberikan kualitas mirip manusia untuk menyampaikan pesan moral kepada pembaca. Contoh fables, yaitu: The Owl and The Grasshopper, The Gnat and The Bull, The Sheep and The Pig dan lain-lain.

d.   Myths (Mitos)

Mitos adalah cerita dari setiap budaya yang selama berabad-abad telah menjelaskan fenomena alam dan menjawab pertanyaan orang tentang kondisi manusia, kisah asal dan penciptaan, kisah tentang kehidupan, kematian, dan kehidupan setelah kematian. Mitos muncul sebagai catatan kejadian sejarah yang terlalu dilebih-lebihkan, sebagai alegori atau personifikasi untuk kejadian alam atau juga suatu penjelasan mengenai ritual. Karena alasan inilah mitos adalah kisah sakral dan religius bagi orang-orang yang memercayainya. Contoh Myth yaitu Nyai Roro Kidul Batu Menangis dan Ratu Pantai Selatan.

e.   Legends (Legenda)

Legenda didasarkan pada sejarah, bahkan beberapa orang meyakini kebenaran cerita tersebut walaupun tidak didukung oleh fakta dan logika. Legenda tidak menjelaskan misteri dunia seperti mitos, juga tidak menggunakan hewan untuk menyampaikan pesan moral dalam cerita tersebut. Legenda adalah kisah di ujung realitas, sering menampilkan keajaiban atau peristiwa luar biasa. Contoh legend yaitu Robin Hood, Malin kundang, Candi Prambanan dan Telaga warna.

 

6.   Contoh Narrative Text

a.   Legend

The Legend of Tangkuban Perahu Mountain        Once, there was a kingdom in Priangan Land. Lived a happy family. They were a father in form of dog, his name is Tumang, a mother which was called is Dayang Sumbi, and a child which was called Sangkuriang.One day, Dayang Sumbi asked her son to go hunting with his lovely dog, Tumang. After hunting all day, Sangkuriang began desperate and worried because he hunted no deer. Then he thought to shot his own dog. Then he took the dog liver and carried home.      Soon Dayang Sumbi found out that it was not deer lever but Tumang's, his own dog. So, She was very angry and hit Sangkuriang's head. In that incident, Sangkuriang got wounded and scar then cast away from their home.      Years went bye, Sangkuriang had traveled many places and finally arrived at a village. He met a beautiful woman and felt in love with her. When they were discussing their wedding plans, The woman looked at the wound in Sangkuriang's head. It matched to her son's wound who had left severall years earlier. Soon she realized that she felt in love with her own son.      She couldn't marry him but how to say it. Then, she found the way. She needed a lake and a boat for celebrating their wedding day. Sangkuriang had to make them in one night. He built a lake. With a dawn just moment away and the boat was almost complete. Dayang Sumbi had to stop it. Then, she lit up the eastern horizon with flashes of light. It made the cock crowed for a new day.      Sangkuriang failed to marry her. She was very angry and kicked the boat. It felt over and became the mountain of Tangkuban Perahu Bandung.

 

b.   Fairy Tales

Pinocchio        Once upon a time, there was a puppeteer named Geppetto. He really wanted a boy but his wife has been died for a long time ago. One day, he had an idea. He wanted to make a puppet so he would never felt lonely again. He made a puppet all night without resting.      In the morning, finally he finished his work. He named the puppet, Pinocchio. He played whole day with Pinocchio. However, he felt lonely again because Pinocchio couldn’t talk or walk by himself. In the middle of the night, Geppetto prayed to the God. His wish was Pinocchio became a real boy, human. He thought it on his mind in his dream.      In the next morning, he surprised. Pinocchio was alive. He really was happy. He tough Pinocchio how to walk, how to speak, how to read etc. like a teacher. Pinocchio learned fast. He entered an elementary school. One day, Pinocchio felt bored. So, he went home late. Geppetto worried about him. When Pinocchio came to home, Geppetto asked him. He said he was on school but he didn’t. Suddenly, Pinocchio’s nose grow longer. It meant that Pinocchio lied.      The next day, Pinocchio got caught by thieves. The thieves was the owner of circus. Pinocchio became a slave for the circus. He was famous because he was a talking puppet. Geppetto worried him. Pinocchio didn’t come home for 2 days. He found Pinocchio everywhere. When he discovered the sea, big wave smashed him. He was on whale’s stomach when he awoke. He couldn’t find the way out.      In different place, Pinocchio finally could get out from circus. He went to home but Geppetto wasn’t on there. He found Geppetto at sea. He had the same accident like Geppetto. He met Geppetto in whale’s stomach. They got out from its stomach by made a fire.      They went home back together. In the end, they lived happy forever after.

 

c.   Folk Tales

Ali Baba        Once upon a time there were 40 cruel thieves who put their stolen money and treasures in a cave. They went in the cave by saying ”Open Sesame” to the cave entrance. A poor person, named Ali Baba saw them while they were doing that, so he heard the opening word. After they left, he went toward the cave and opened it. Suddenly he found a very large quantity of money and golden treasures. He took some of it and went back home. After that he became a rich man and his brother wanted to know how he became rich.      Ali Baba turned into the richest man in his village. His evil brother was really jealous of him, and wanted to know how he could get such a lot of money. Therefore, when Ali Baba went to the cave again to take some more money, his brother followed him. He saw everything, and decided to go back the next day to take some money for himself. The next morning he found a lot of money in the cave, and he wanted to take all of them. Unfortunately, when he was busy carrying the money to his house, the thieves came. The boss of the thieves asked him how he knew about the cave. He told everything, but unluckily they killed him and went to Ali Baba’s house.      After finding Ali Baba’s house, they made a plan to kill him the following night. Some of the thieves hid in big jars, and the boss pretended that he was a merchant who wanted to sell the jars to Ali Baba. Ali Baba who was a kind man invited the boss of the thief to have lunch together.      After lunch they took a rest. Luckily, the house maid went out of the house, and found that there were thieves inside the jars. She finally boiled hot oil and poured it into the jars to kill all of them. The boss of the thieves was caught, and put into prison.      Ali Baba was saved from the danger, and he finally lived happily ever after with his maid who became his wife shortly after.

 

See also:

1.   Kinds of Text

2.   Kinds of Tense: Past Tense 

3.   Part of Speech: Verb

4.   Part of Speech: Noun

5.   Part of Speech: Adverb 

6.   Part of Speech: Adjective 

7.   Part of Speech: Conjunction

8.   Auxiliary Verb: Primary & Modal Auxiliary Verb   

 

References:

1.https://englishadmin.com/2015/11/6-contoh-narrative-text-folktale-dalam.html accessed on 26th December 2020

2.https://www.itapuih.com/2020/05/perbedaan-fables-fairy-tale-folktales.html accessed on 26th December 2020

3.http://understandingtext.blogspot.com/2020/08/10-examples-of-narrative-text-in-legend.html

 

 

Demikian tadi sekilas penjelasan Materi Bahasa Inggris Kelas X Semester 2 terkait Narrative Text: Legend & Folk Tale. Semoga bermanfaat dan dapat menambah wawasan baru bagi kita dalam belajar bahasa Inggris. Terima kasih...