Verbals_TOEFL "Verb" Part 7 Writing Skill

 

TOEFL MASTER

WRITING SKILL

“VERB: VERBALS“

 

 Hi, sobat!

Tahukah kamu apa itu Verb? Ya, Verb, dalam bahasa Indonesia disebut sebagai verba, predikat, atau kata kerja, merupakan bagian dari part of speech yang berfungsi untuk menunjukkan adanya suatu tindakan atau aktivitas yang dilakukan oleh pembicara. Selain itu, verb juga mengidentifikasi peristiwa atau keadaan yang terjadi pada kurun waktu tertentu. Dalam bahasa Inggris, bentuk verb selalu mengikuti tenses (pola waktu), seperti base form (verb 1), present participle (verb-ing), simple past (verb 2), dan past participle (verb 3).

 

Lihat Juga : Part of Speech: Verb

 

Sebagai predikat sebuah kalimat, verb umumnya terletak setelah subjek kalimat. Dalam beberapa kalimat, seperti kalimat negative dan tanya, verb di dahului dengan modal atau auxiliary verb (kata kerja bantu), seperti is/am/are, was/were, has/have/had, do/does/did, dan sebagainya.  Sementara itu, verb juga dapat diikuti preposition (kata depan) sesudahnya, seperti to, is, at, with, dan lain-lain. Verb yang diikuti oleh preposisi ini, membentuk sebuah makna kata baru.

Pada kesempatan kali ini, kita akan membahas “vebals”.  Yuk, simak penjelasannya berikut ini!

 

Verbals

Gerund merupakan bentuk verb yang mendapatkan akhiran “–ing” atau disebut “Verb-ing” yang digunakan sebagai noun (kata benda). Karena gerund berfungsi sebagai noun (kata benda), maka ia dapat berkedudukan sebagai subjek atau objek dari predikat dalam suatu kalimat.

Sementara itu, Infinitive merupakan bentuk verb yang diawali dengan “to” yaitu “to verb-1”, seperti to do, to go, to read, to write, dan sebagainya. To verb-1 seringkali disebut sebagai full infinitive; sementara itu, verb-1 tanpa diikuti to disebut dengan bare infinitive. Selain itu, verb (kata kerja) dalam sebuah kalimat dapat langsung diikuti dengan infinitive yaitu “verb + to verb-1” ataupun infinitive berada setelah objek kalimat (baik berupa pronoun (kata ganti) atau noun (kata benda)) yaitu “verb + (pro)noun + to verb-1”.

 

Baca Juga:

Gerund (Verb-ing) Vs Infinitive (to Verb-1) Part 1

Gerund (Verb-ing) Vs Infinitive (to Verb-1) Part 2

 

Berikut ini beberapa hal yang perlu diperhatikan terkait penggunaan gerund ataupun infinitive.

1)      Verb (kata kerja) berikut ini dapat diikuti oleh infinitive (to Verb-1) sebagai direct object (objek langsung), yaitu agree, forbid, mean, care, forget, offer, decide, hope, plan, deserve, intend, pretend, fail, learn, refuse, dan lain-lain. Perhatikan contoh penggunaan infinitive pada kalimat berikut ini.

Mr. Smith and Mr. Parker deserve to be promoted.

They decided to leave early.

The secretary offered to come in early.

He hopes to see them again.

 

2)      Verb (kata kerja) berikut ini dapat diikuti oleh gerund (Verb-ing) sebagai direct object (objek langsung), yaitu admit, deny, postpone, appreciate, enjoy, practice, avoid, finish, stop, cannot help, keep, suggest, consider, dan lain-lain. Perhatikan contoh penggunaan gerund pada kalimat berikut ini.

She enjoyed meeting them.

I have never considered quitting my job.

He finishes studying every evening at ten.

He admitted committing the crime.

 

3)      Verb phrases, disebut juga frasa verba atau verb + preposition, berikut dapat diikuti oleh gerund (Verb-ing). Secara umum, gerund mengikuti preposition (kata depan) dan tidak hanya preposisi yang ada pada daftar verb phrase berikut ini, yaitu be accustomed to, decide on, plan on, be interested in, get through, put off,  be opposed to, keep on, think about, be used to, look forward to, think of, dan lain-lain. Perhatikan contoh kalimat berikut ini.

She was not used to living in a dormitory.

He kept on driving even though he was tired.

He has been looking forward to meeting you.

 

Baca Juga: Part of Speech: Preposition

 

4)      Gunakan simple atau base form of verb (Verb-1) setelah causative verb, yaitu let, make, dan have ketika verb ke-2 pada klausa berikutnya merupakan active verb (action). Perhatikan contoh kalimat berikut ini.

He made the children look both ways before crossing the street.

The teacher let him leave early.

The teacher had the class begin to write a composition when the bell rang.

 

Gunakan past participle (verb-3) setelah causative verbs have dan get ketika verb ke-2 pada klausa berikutnya bermakna passive. Perhatikan contoh kalimat berikut ini.

She had her passport stamped at the immigration office.

They got their house painted last summer.

 

Baca Juga:

Causative Verb

Active Vs Passive Voice

 

5)      Verb of perception (kata kerja persepsi) diikuti oleh simple atau base form of verb (Verb-1) or present participle (Verb-ing) di antaranya yaitu feel, see, hear, smell, notice, watch, observe, dan lain-lain. Perhatikan contoh kalimat berikut ini.

 I heard the baby cry. Atau I heard the baby crying .

Jane observed him leave. Atau Jane observed him leaving .

 

 

Error Examples

Perhatikan beberapa contoh kesalahan penggunaan verbals pada kalimat berikut ini dan pembenarannya!

 

Wrong Sentence	Right Sentence
The professor forbids the students leaving early.	The professor forbids the students to leave early.
She could not help to laugh at his foolishness.	She could not help laughing at his foolishness.
I am opposed to go to war.	I am opposed to going to war.
Do not let those children to eat a lot of candy.	Do not let those children eat a lot of candy.
I was surprised to see a person to cry at that movie.	RIGHT: I was surprised to see a person cry at that movie. OR I was surprised to see a person crying at that movie.
She had her phone hook up when she returned from abroad.	She had her phone hooked up when she returned from abroad.
He had his annual chest X-ray taking yesterday.	He had his annual chest X-ray taken yesterday.

 

Skill Builder 7: Verbals

Direction: There is an error with the verbal (infinitive, gerund, simple verb, or participle) that follows the main verb on each of the sentences. Decide if the sentences below are correct “C” or incorrect “I”.

(___) 1. Blocks from the stadium, we could hear the people to cheer.

(___) 2. Do you think you might enjoy living in a small town?

(___) 3. I always make the children to pick up their toys.

(___) 4. The official offered to help me get my papers in order.

(___) 5. I had the paperboy stop delivering papers for the month of July.

(___) 6. Since you need more money, you should not stop to try to find a better job.

(___) 7. He was not used to making decisions by himself.

(___) 8. Jane had her blood pressure taking recently.

(___) 9. What made the student decide leaving early?

(___) 10. I am looking forward to see you again soon.

(___) 11. What do you think of our having a party to celebrate?

(___) 12. She had her shoes dyed to match her dress.

(___) 13. She could not help noticing the man to cry.

(___) 14. One should avoid eating a heavy meal late in the evening.

(___) 15. We had Tom to make the dinner reservations.

(___) 16. Since he promised to take care of it, his parents let the boy to buy a dog.

(___) 17. He was not used to living alone.

(___) 18. Bob had his gas and electricity turn on when he moved into his new apartment last week.

(___) 19. When will you get through to read that book?

(___) 20. The doctor had Mrs. Jones take ten pills a day for her heart.

(___) 21. Their boss never has them to stay past 5:00 p.m.

(___) 22. They saw the thief running from the bank.

(___) 23. The professor had us to read the first half of the book by Monday.

(___) 24. Please do not fail registering before the deadline.

(___) 25. As I entered the house, I smelled the food cooking.

(___) 26. We had our university identification pictures taken yesterday.

(___) 27. The law of that country forbids anyone under 18 driving a car.

(___) 28. The teacher made us using our imaginations.

(___) 29. The class could not help to laugh when the teacher dropped all his papers.

(___) 30. When we decided to stay in Mexico longer, we had our visas renewed.

 

Key Answer & Its Correction

(I) 1. Blocks from the stadium, we could hear the people cheer/cheering.

(C) 2. Do you think you might enjoy living in a small town?

(I) 3. I always make the children pick up their toys.

(C) 4. The official offered to help me get my papers in order.

(C) 5. I had the paperboy stop delivering papers for the month of July.

(I) 6. Since you need more money, you should not stop trying to find a better job.

(C) 7. He was not used to making decisions by himself.

(I) 8. Jane had her blood pressure taken recently.

(I) 9. What made the student decide to leave early?

(I) 10. I am looking forward to seeing you again soon.

(C) 11. What do you think of our having a party to celebrate?

(C) 12. She had her shoes dyed to match her dress.

(I) 13. She could not help noticing the man cry/crying.

(C) 14. One should avoid eating a heavy meal late in the evening.

(I) 15. We had Tom make the dinner reservations.

(I) 16. Since he promised to take care of it, his parents let the boy buy a dog.

(C) 17. He was not used to living alone.

(I) 18. Bob had his gas and electricity turned on when he moved into his new apartment last week.

(I) 19. When will you get through reading that book?

(C) 20. The doctor had Mrs. Jones take ten pills a day for her heart.

(I) 21. Their boss never has them stay past 5:00 p.m.

(C) 22. They saw the thief running from the bank.

(I) 23. The professor had us read the first half of the book by Monday.

(I) 24. Please do not fail to register before the deadline.

(C) 25. As I entered the house, I smelled the food cooking.

(C) 26. We had our university identification pictures taken yesterday.

(I) 27. The law of that country forbids anyone under 18 to drive a car.

(I) 28. The teacher made us use our imaginations.

(I) 29. The class could not help laughing when the teacher dropped all his papers.

(C) 30. When we decided to stay in Mexico longer, we had our visas renewed.

 

Next To: Problem With Past Participle

 

Source

Peterson`s (www.petersons.com). (2007). Peterson`s Master TOEFL Writing Skills. Peterson`s, a Nelnet Company

 

Demikian tadi sekilas Pembahasan TOEFL Writing Skills terkait “Problems With Verbals”. Semoga bermanfaat dan dapat menambah wawasan baru bagi kita dalam mempelajari bahasa Inggris; serta, terutama bagi kalian yang ingin atau akan mengikuti tes TOEFL.

Penulis mengharapkan saran dan kritik yang membangun dari para pembaca berkaitan dengan konteks atau isi tulisan sehingga nantinya hal tersebut dapat penulis jadikan inspirasi dan motivasi untuk melakukan perbaikan dan pengembangan tulisan berikutnya. Terima kasih 😊