Active & Passive Voice: Pengertian, Rumus, Perbedaan, dan Contoh Kalimat

 

ACTIVE VS PASSIVE VOICE

(KALIMAT AKTIF VS KALIMAT PASIF)

 

Apakah Kalian pernah terbayang untuk menganalisa struktur sebuah kalimat tertulis yang ada pada sebuah bacaan, seperti artikel, jurnal, atau laporan ilmiah? Atau mungkin beberapa kalimat yang diucapkan oleh seseorang? Kalimat atau ungkapan lisan atau tertulis itu berupa active & passive voice (kalimat aktif & passif), lho. Kata “voice” disini digunakan untuk mereferensikan “kalimat””. Selain itu, kata “speech” dalam direct & indirect speech (kalimat langsung & tidak langsung) dan “sentence” juga dapat digunakan untuk mereferensikan kata “kalimat”. Yuk, simak penjelasan Active – Passive Voice (Kalimat Aktif – Passif) berikut ini.

 

A.  Pengertian Active - Passive Voice

Active Voice atau kalimat aktif merupakan kalimat yang dimana subjek aktif melakukan suatu tindakan atau aksi (subject as a doer). Sebaliknya Passive Voice atau kalimat pasif adalah kalimat yang mana subjek tidak melakukan suatu tindakan atau aksi, melainkan menunjukkan objek yang menerima tindakan atau aksi oleh subjek. Active Voice memuat unsur tata bahasa “Subject + Verb + Object” atau dalam bahasa Indonesia “S-P-O-K” yang mana Verb atau kata kerja dalam kalimat tersebut bermakna/berimbuhan “me- atau ber-“. Sedangkan, Passive Voice memuat unsur tata bahasa “Object + be + Verb 3  + by Subject” yang mana Verb atau kata kerja dalam kalimat tersebut bermakna/berimbuhan “di- atau ter-”. 

 

Active Voice	Passive Voice
Subject + Verb + Object ... (Adverb)	Object + be + Verb 3  + by Subject ... (Adverb)

 

Contoh :

§  Active Voice : Maria waters this plant every day. (Maria menyirami tanaman ini setiap hari)

Passive Voice : This plant is watered by Maria every day ( Tanaman ini disiram oleh Maria setiap hari).

§  Active Voice : Maria met Mirna yesterday. (Maria menemui Mirna kemarin)

Passive Voice : Mirna were met by Maria yesterday ( Mirna ditemui Maria kemarin).

 

B.  Perubahan Kalimat Aktif Menjadi Kalimat Pasif

Perubahan kalimat aktif menjadi kalimat pasif harus memerhatikan ketentuan-ketentuan sebagai berikut.

1.   Kalimat aktif yang bisa diubah menjadi kalimat pasif harus memiliki objek, atau berupa kalimat aktif yang mengandung transitive verbs (kata kerja yang memerlukan objek langsung (direct object)) seperti make, bring, buy, write dan sebagainya. Objek kalimat umumnya berupa noun (kata benda) ataupun pronoun (kata ganti).

*) Sebaliknya, kalimat aktif yang mengandung intransitive verbs (kata kerja yang tidak memerlukan objek langsung) seperti live, cry, swim, go, arrive, dan die tidak bisa diubah menjadi kalimat pasif. Umumnya intransitive verb diikuti dengan adverb (kata keterangan).

Contoh :

§  Active Voice : Maria brings a book (objeknya adalah a book & bring: transitive verb, maka kalimat tersebut bisa diubah ke kalimat pasif)

§  Active Voice: Maria stays at home this weekend (tidak ada objek; kata “at home this weekend” merupakan kata keterangan (Adverb) & stay: intransitive verb. Jadi kalimat tersebut tidak dapat diubah ke kalimat pasif).

 

2.   Ubahlah posisi Subjek dan Objek kalimat aktif, yaitu Subjek ditempatkan di belakang dengan disertai “by” sebelumnya, kemudian Objek ditempatkan di depan kalimat. Contoh:

§  Active voice: (S) Erika (V) writes (O) a letter (Adverb) every week for his parents.

§  Passive voice: (O) A letter (V) is writen (S) by Erika (Adverb) every week for his parents.

 

3.   Ubahlah Verb atau kata kerja pada kalimat menjadi pola “be + V3”.

*)Perhatikan bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan dalam kalimat aktif, apakah berbentuk present, past, continuous, perfect, atau future. Perhatikan contoh berikut!

Tense	Active Sentence	Passive Sentence
Present	Andy sends a letter to me	A letter is sent by Andy to me
Past	Andy sent a letter to me	A letter was sent by Andy to me
Continuous	Andy is sending a letter to me	A letter is being sent by Andy to me
Perfect	Andy has sent a letter to me	A letter has been sent by Andy to me
Future	Andy will send a letter to me	A letter will be sent by Andy to me

*) to be “is/am/are” atau “was/were”  dan Auxiliary Verb “has/have” dalam kalimat pasif tergantung pada bentuk objek, yaitu apakah objek Plural (jamak), atau Singular (Tunggal) dan jenis tenses yang digunakan.

Lihat juga >>> Noun: Singular & Plural

 

C.  Rumus Active Voice into Passive Voice

Untuk membentuk kalimat pasif, perhatikan verb (kata kerja) atau jenis tenses yang digunakan dalam kalimat actif tersebut. “Be” pada kalimat pasif menyesuaikan dengan objek, yaitu apakah singular (tunggal) atau plural (jamak).

a.   Kalimat Positif (Positive)

Tenses	Active Voice	Passive Voice
1.   Simple Present	(+)S + V1/ V-s/es + O	(+) O + be (is, am, are) +  V3 + by S
2.   Present Continuous	(+) S + is/am/are + V-ing + O	(+) O + be (is, am, are) +  being + V3 + by S
3.   Present Perfect	(+) S + have/has + V3 + O	(+) O + have/has + been + V3 + by S
4.   Present Perfect Continuous	(+) S + have/has + been + V-ing + O	(+) O + have/has + been + being + V3 + by S
5.   Simple Past	(+) S + V2 + O	(+) O + to be (was/were) +  V3 + by S
6.   Past Continuous	(+) S + was/were + V-ing + O	(+) O + to be (was/were) +  being + V3 + by S
7.   Past Perfect	(+) S + had + V3 + O	(+) O + had + been + V3 + by S
8.   Past Perfect Continuous	(+) S + had + been + V-ing + O	(+) O + had + been + being + V3 + by S
9.   Simple Future	(+) S + will/shall + V1 + O	(+) O + will/shall + be + V3 + by S
10.       Future Continuous	(+) S + will + be + V-ing + O	(+) O + will + be + being + V3 + by S
11.       Future Perfect	(+) S + will + have + V3 + O	(+) O + will + have +  been + V3 + by S
12.       Future Perfect Continuous	(+) S + will + have + been + V-ing + O	(+) O + will + have + been + being + V3 + by S
13.       Simple Past Future	(+) S + would/ should + V1 + O	(+) O + would/ should + be + V3 + by S
14.       Past Future  Continuous	(+) S + would/ should + be + V-ing + O	(+) O + would/ should + be + being + V3 + by S
15.       Past Future Perfect	(+) S + would/ should + have + V3 + O	(+) O + would/ should + have +  been + V3 + by S
16.       Past Future Perfect Continuous	(+) S + would/ should + have + been + V-ing + O	(+) O + would/ should + have +  been + being + V3 + by S
17.       Modals	(+) S + can/ may/ must/ ought to + V1 + O	(+) O + can/ may/ must/ ought to + be V3 + by S

*Keterangan:

§  Penggunaan kalimat pasif dengan perfect continuous tenses biasanya jarang dilakukan karena menghasilkan struktur kalimat yang terlalu kompleks (sulit dipahami).

§  Penggunaan be menyesuaikan dengan subjek dan jenis tenses yang digunakan:

1)   I menggunakan am; was; have;

2)   He, she, it, nama orang tunggal, subjek singular (tunggal) menggunakan is; was; has;

3)   You, They, We, nama orang banyak, subjek plural (jamak) menggunakan are; were; have;

4)   “Had” pada past perfect dapat digunakan untuk semua subjek;

5)   “will/ would” (lebih umum digunakan) pada future tense dapat digunakan semua subjek; sedangkan shall hanya untuk subjek I & We (jarang digunakan);

6)   Modal (can, could, may, might, ...) dapat digunakan oleh semua subjek.

 

b.   Kalimat Negatif (Negative)

Bentuk kalimat negatif dari active voice atau passive voice ditandai dengan adanya “not” sesudah auxiliary verb, seperti be (is, am, are, was, were) ataupun modal (can, could, shall, should, will, would, dan lain-lain)

Tenses	Active Voice	Passive Voice
1.   Simple Present	(-) S + do/does not + V1 + O	(-) O + be (is, am, are) not +  V3 + by S
2.   Present Continuous	(-) S + is/am/are not + V-ing + O	(-) O + be (is, am, are) not +  being + V3 + by S
3.   Present Perfect	(-) S + have/has not + V3 + O	(+) O + have/has not + been + V3 + by S
4.   Present Perfect Continuous	(-) S + have/has not + been + V-ing + O	(-) O + have/has not + been + being + V3 + by S
5.   Simple Past	(-) S + did not V1 + O	(-) O + to be (was/were) not +  V3 + by S
6.   Past Continuous	(-) S + was/were not + V-ing + O	(-) O + to be (was/were) not +  being + V3 + by S
7.   Past Perfect	(-) S + had not + V3 + O	(-) O + had not + been + V3 + by S
8.   Past Perfect Continuous	(-) S + had not + been + V-ing + O	(-) O + had not + been + being + V3 + by S
9.   Simple Future	(-) S + will/shall not + V1 + O	(-) O + will/shall not + be + V3 + by S
10.       Future Continuous	(-) S + will not + be + V-ing + O	(-) O + will not + be + being + V3 + by S
11.       Future Perfect	(-) S + will not + have + V3 + O	(-) O + will not + have +  been + V3 + by S
12.       Future Perfect Continuous	(-) S + will not + have + been + V-ing + O	(-) O + will not + have + been + being + V3 + by S
13.       Simple Past Future	(-) S + would/ should not + V1 + O	(-) O + would/ should not + be + V3 + by S
14.       Past Future  Continuous	(-) S + would/ should  not + be + V-ing + O	(-) O + would/ should not + be + being + V3 + by S
15.       Past Future Perfect	(-) S + would/ should not + have + V3 + O	(-) O + would/ should not + have +  been + V3 + by S
16.       Past Future Perfect Continuous	(-) S + would/ should not + have + been + V-ing + O	(-) O + would/ should not + have +  been + being + V3 + by S
17.       Modals	(+) S + can/ may/ must not to + V1 + O	(+) O + can/ may/ must not + be V3 + by S

*Keterangan:

Pada kalimat negatif auxiliary verb seperti be (is, am, are, was, were), do/does/did, have/has/had, will/shall, dan modal disingkat dengan “not”. Contoh: “is not” menjadi “isn’t”, “are not” menjadi “aren’t”, “was not” menjadi “wasn’t”, dan lain-lain. Lebih lengkapnya silahkan buka link berikut.

Lihat juga >>> Contraction

 

c.   Kalimat Pertanyaan (Interrogative)

Kalimat pertanyaan atau interrogative sentence/question pada umumnya ditandai dengan adanya auxiliary verb yang mengawali kalimat dan pastinya terdapat question mark “?” di akhir kalimat. Selain itu, kalimat pertanyaan juga dapat di awali dengan question word (kata tanya), seperti what, where, when, why, dan lain-lain.

Tenses	Active Voice	Passive Voice
1.   Simple Present	(?) Do/does S + V1 + O?	(?) be (is, am, are) + O + V3 + by S?
2.   Present Continuous	(?) is/am/are  + S + V-ing + O?	(?) be (is, am, are) + O +  being + V3 + by S?
3.   Present Perfect	(?) have/has + S + V3 + O?	(?) have/has + O + been + V3 + by S?
4.   Present Perfect Continuous	(?)have/has + S + been + V-ing + O?	(?) have/has + O + been + being + V3 + by S?
5.   Simple Past	(?) Did + S + V1 + O?	(?) be (was/were) + O + V3 + by S?
6.   Past Continuous	(?) was/were + S + V-ing + O?	(?) be (was/were) + O + being + V3 + by S?
7.   Past Perfect	(?) had + S + V3 + O?	(?) had + O + been + V3 + by S?
8.   Past Perfect Continuous	(?) had + S + been + V-ing + O?	(?) had + O + been + being + V3 + by S?
9.   Simple Future	(?) will/shall + S + V1 + O?	(?) will/shall + O + be + V3 + by S?
10.       Future Continuous	(?) will + S + be + V-ing + O?	(?) will + O + be + being + V3 + by S?
11.       Future Perfect	(?) will + S + have + V3 + O?	(?) will + O + have +  been + V3 + by S?
12.       Future Perfect Continuous	(?) will + S + have + been + V-ing + O?	(?) will + O + have + been + being + V3 + by S?
13.       Simple Past Future	(?) would/ should + S + V1 + O?	(?) would/ should + O + be + V3 + by S?
14.       Past Future  Continuous	(?) would/ should + S + be + V-ing + O?	(?) would/ should + O + be + being + V3 + by S?
15.       Past Future Perfect	(?) would/ should + S + have + V3 + O?	(?) would/ should + O + have +  been + V3 + by S?
16.       Past Future Perfect Continuous	(?) would/ should + S + have + been + V-ing + O?	(?) would/ should + O + have +  been + being + V3 + by S?
17.       Modals	(?) can/ may/ must + S + V1 + O?	(?) can/ may/ must + O + be V3 + by S?

*Keterangan:

Pada kalimat pertanyaan selalu diawali dengan: 1) auxiliary verb seperti be (is, am, are, was, were), do/does/did, have/has/had, will/shall, dan modal (can, could, shall, should, will, would, dll) ataupun 2) question word (what, when, why, where, how, dll). Selain itu, tanda question mark “?” selalu terdapat di akhir kalimat. Lebih lengkapnya silahkan buka link berikut.

Lihat juga >>> Yes/No Question & Wh/H Question

 

D.  Rumus Passive Voice dengan Get

Pada percakapan informal, “get” seringkali digunakan pada kalimat pasif untuk menggantikan to be (am/is/are). Kemudian, bentuk get yang digunakan juga harus disesuaikan dengan tense pada kalimat.

Tense	Rumus Passive Voice	Contoh Passive Voice
Simple Present	get/gets + Verb 3	get treated
Present Continuous	am/is/are getting + Verb 3	is getting treated
Simple Past	got + Verb 3	got treated
Past Continuous	was/were getting + Verb 3	was getting treated
Present Perfect	has/have gotten + Verb 3	has gotten treated
Past Perfect	had gotten + Verb 3	had gotten treated
Simple Future	will get + Verb 3	will get treated
Future Continuous	am/is/are going to get + Verb 3	is going to get treated
Future Perfect	will have gotten + Verb 3	will have gotten treated

 

Contoh Perubahan Active Voice ke Passive Voice dengan Get

Tense	Active Voice	Passive Voice
Simple Present	Mike makes a kite	A kite gets made by Mike
Present Continuous	Mike is making a kite	A kite is getting made by Mike
Simple Past	Mike made a kite	A kite got made by Mike
Past Continuous	Mike was making a kite	A kite was getting made by Mike
Present Perfect	Mike has made a kite	A kite has got made by Mike
Past Perfect	Mike had made a kite	A kite had got made by Mike
Simple Future	Mike will make a kite	A kite will get made by Mike
	Mike is going to make a kite	A kite is going to get made by Mike
Future Continuous	Mike will be making a kite	A kite will be getting made by Mike
Future Perfect	Mike will have made a kite	A kite will have got made by Mike

 

E.   Contoh Perubahan Active Voice ke Passive Voice

Perhatikan contoh perubahan Active voice ke Passive voice berikut ini. sebagaimana dijelaskan di atas, active voice atau kalimat aktif memiliki verb (kata kerja) yang bermakna/berawalam “me- atau ber-“ sedangkan passive voice atau kalimat pasif memiliki verb (kata kerja) yang bermakna/berawalan “di- atau ter-“.

a.   Kalimat Positif (Positive)

Tenses	Active Voice	Passive Voice
1.   Simple Present	Mila buys a book.	A book is bought by Mila
2.   Present Continuous	Mila is buying a book.	A book is being bought by Mila
3.   Present Perfect	Mila has bought a book.	A book has been bought by Mila
4.   Present Perfect Continuous	Mila has been buying a book.	A book has been being bought by Mila
5.   Simple Past	Mila bought a book.	A book was bought by Mila
6.   Past Continuous	Mila was buying a book.	A book was being bought by Mila
7.   Past Perfect	Mila had bought a book.	A book had been bought by Mila
8.   Past Perfect Continuous	Mila had been buying a book.	A book had been being bought by Mila
9.   Simple Future	Mila will buy a book.	A book will be bought by Mila
10.       Future Continuous	Mila will be buying a book.	A book will be being bought by Mila
11.       Future Perfect	Mila will have bought a book.	A book will have been bought by Mila
12.       Future Perfect Continuous	Mila will have been buying a book.	A book will have been being bought by Mila
13.       Simple Past Future	Mila would buy a book.	A book would be bought by Mila
14.       Past Future  Continuous	Mila would be buying a book.	A book would be being bought by Mila
15.       Past Future Perfect	Mila would have bought a book.	A book would have been bought by Mila
16.       Past Future Perfect Continuous	Mila would have been buying a book.	A book would have been being bought by Mila
17.       Modals	Mila can buy a book	A book can be bought by Mila
	Mila could buy a book	A book could be bought by Mila
	Mila may buy a book	A book may be bought by Mila
	Mila might buy a book	A book might be bought by Mila
	Mila must buy a book	A book must be bought by Mila
	Mila ought to buy a book	A book ought to be bought by Mila
	Mila is going to buy a book	A book is going to be bought by Mila
	Mila is able to buy a book	A book is able to be bought by Mila
	Mila is supposed to buy a book	A book is supposed to be bought by Mila

 

b.   Kalimat Negatif (Negative)

Tenses	Active Voice	Passive Voice
1.   Simple Present	Mila doesn’t buy a book.	A book isn’t bought by Mila
2.   Present Continuous	Mila isn’t buying a book.	A book isn’t being bought by Mila
3.   Present Perfect	Mila hasn’t bought a book.	A book hasn’t been bought by Mila
4.   Present Perfect Continuous	Mila hasn’t been buying a book.	A book hasn’t been being bought by Mila
5.   Simple Past	Mila didn’t buy a book.	A book wasn’t bought by Mila
6.   Past Continuous	Mila wasn’t buying a book.	A book wasn’t being bought by Mila
7.   Past Perfect	Mila hadn’t bought a book.	A book hadn’t been bought by Mila
8.   Past Perfect Continuous	Mila hadn’t been buying a book.	A book had been being bought by Mila
9.   Simple Future	Mila will not buy a book.	A book will not be bought by Mila
10.       Future Continuous	Mila will not be buying a book.	A book will not be being bought by Mila
11.       Future Perfect	Mila will not have bought a book.	A book will not have been bought by Mila
12.       Future Perfect Continuous	Mila will not have been buying a book.	A book will not have been being bought by Mila
13.       Simple Past Future	Mila would not buy a book.	A book would not be bought by Mila
14.       Past Future  Continuous	Mila would not be buying a book.	A book would not be being bought by Mila
15.       Past Future Perfect	Mila would not have bought a book.	A book would not have been bought by Mila
16.       Past Future Perfect Continuous	Mila would not have been buying a book.	A book would not have been being bought by Mila
17.       Modals	Mila cannot buy a book	A book cannot be bought by Mila
	Mila could not buy a book	A book could be bought by Mila
	Mila may not buy a book	A book may not be bought by Mila
	Mila might not buy a book	A book might not be bought by Mila
	Mila must not buy a book	A book must be bought by Mila
	*Mila ought not to buy a book	*A book ought not to be bought by Mila
	*Mila isn’t going to buy a book	*A book isn’t going to be bought by Mila
	*Mila isn’t able to buy a book	*A book isn’t able to be bought by Mila
	*Mila isn’t supposed to buy a book	*A book isn’t supposed to be bought by Mila

*Contoh active & passive voice dengan Phrasal modal. Beberapa auxiliary verb disingkat atau dikontraksi.

 

c.   Kalimat Pertanyaan (Interrogative)

Tenses	Active Voice	Passive Voice
1.   Simple Present	Does Mila buy a book?	Is a book bought by Mila?
2.   Present Continuous	Is Mila buying a book?	Is A book being bought by Mila?
3.   Present Perfect	Has Mila bought a book?	Has a book been bought by Mila?
4.   Present Perfect Continuous	Has Mila been buying a book?	Has a book been being bought by Mila?
5.   Simple Past	Did Mila buy a book?	Was book bought by Mila?
6.   Past Continuous	Was Mila buying a book?	Was a book being bought by Mila?
7.   Past Perfect	Had Mila bought a book?	Had a book been bought by Mila?
8.   Past Perfect Continuous	Had Mila been buying a book?	Had a book been being bought by Mila?
9.   Simple Future	Will Mila buy a book?	Will a book be bought by Mila?
10.       Future Continuous	Will Mila be buying a book?	Will a book be being bought by Mila?
11.       Future Perfect	Will Mila have bought a book?	Will a book have been bought by Mila?
12.       Future Perfect Continuous	Will Mila have been buying a book?	Will a book have been being bought by Mila?
13.       Simple Past Future	Would Mila buy a book?	Would a book be bought by Mila?
14.       Past Future  Continuous	Would Mila be buying a book?	Would A book be being bought by Mila?
15.       Past Future Perfect	Would Mila have bought a book?	Would a book have been bought by Mila?
16.       Past Future Perfect Continuous	Would Mila have been buying a book?	Would A book have been being bought by Mila?
17.       Modals	Can Mila buy a book?	Can a book be bought by Mila?
	Could Mila buy a book?	Could a book be bought by Mila?
	May Mila buy a book?	May a book be bought by Mila?
	Might Mila buy a book?	Might a book be bought by Mila?
	Must Mila buy a book?	Must a book be bought by Mila?
	Ought Mila to buy a book?	Ought a book to be bought by Mila?
	Is Mila going to buy a book?	Is a book going to be bought by Mila?
	Is Mila able to buy a book?	Is a book able to be bought by Mila?
	Is Mila supposed to buy a book?	Is a book supposed to be bought by Mila?

 

F.   Penggunaan Passive Voice

Kalimat pasif umumnya digunakan dalam kondisi atau situasi sebagai berikut:

1)   Pelaku aksi  atau “by Subject” dalam kalimat pasif dicantumkan jika kalimat tersebut memuat informasi yang sangat penting, yaitu ketika:

a)   terdapat informasi baru (kalimat kedua). Contoh: Bottled water comes from mountain water. It is produced by water company. (“Perusahaan Air Minum adalah yang memproduksi produk air minum” merupakan informasi baru)

b)   mengetahui nama jelas pelaku aksi atau pelaku aksi adalah orang terkenal. Contoh: Siti Nurbaya was written by Marah Roesli. (Marah Roesli adalah penulis yang dikenal karena karnyanya “Siti Nurbaya”)

c)   identitas pelaku aksi sangat mengejutkan atau tidak dikira-kira. Contoh: It is hard to believe that this beautiful jazz melody was composed by an eight-year-old boy. (Kalimat pasif tersebut merujuk pada kekaguman pada talenta anak usia 8 tahun).

 

2)   Kalimat pasif tidak perlu mencantumkan “by Subjek”, yaitu ketika:

a)   pelaku aksi tidak diketahui. Contoh: My money has been stolen. (Dalam contoh passive voice ini, pembicara tidak mengetahui siapa yang mencuri dompetnya)

b)   pelaku sudah jelas dan tidak perlu disebutkan. Contoh: Wheat is grown in Karawang. (Dalam contoh ini, sudah sangat jelas bahwa petani adalah pelaku aksi atau orang yang menanam gandum)

c)   tidak ingin memberitahukan siapa pelaku aksi. Contoh: Mistakes were made. (Dalam contoh ini, pembicara tidak mau memberitahu siapa yang melakukan kesalahan)

d)   pelaku aksi adalah semua orang (pada umumnya). Contoh: Transjakarta is used as an alternative means of transportation to avoid traffic jam (Dalam contoh ini, pelaku aksi adalah semua orang karena transjakarta dapat digunakan oleh masyarakat luas)

e)   pelaku aksi telah disebutkan pada kalimat sebelumnya. Contoh: Mr. Han caught Ari cheating on the test. Ari was given punishment immediately (Dalam contoh passive voice ini, Mr. Han sebagai pelaku aksi sudah disebutkan sebelumnya sehingga tidak perlu ditambahkan pada kalimat kedua)

 

See also:

1.   Part of Speech

2.   Part of Speech: Noun

3.   Part of Speech:Pronoun

4.   Kinds of Tense

5.   Kinds of Sentence: Positive, Negative, & Interrogative

6.   Auxiliary Verb: Primary & Modal Auxiliary Verb

7.   Contraction

8.   Yes/No Question & Wh/H Question

 

References:

1. Azar, Betty Schrampfer. 1999. Understanding and Using English Grammar 3rd Edition. Pearson Education: White Plains, New York.

2.   http://www.studiobelajar.com/passive-voice/ diakses pada tanggal 20 Oktober 2020

3. http://www.ilmubahasainggris.com/active-voice-dan-passive-voice-pengertian-rumus-ciri-pola-dan-contoh-kalimatnya-dalam-bahasa-inggris/ diakses pada tanggal 20 Oktober 2020

 

Demikian penjelasan materi terkait “Active & Passive Voice (Kalimat Aktif & Pasif)”. Semoga bermanfaat dan dapat menambah wawasan baru bagi kita dalam belajar bahasa Inggris. Terima kasih...