MATERI BAHASA INGGRIS KELAS 9 SEMESTER 2 CHAPTER 2 NARRATIVE TEXT: FAIRY TALE

  

CHAPTER 2

NARRATIVE TEXT: FAIRY TALE

(TEKS NARATIF: DONGENG)

 

 

Mata Pelajaran : Bahasa Inggris

Kelas : IX (SEMBILAN)

Semester : 2 / Genap  

Kompetensi Dasar :

3.7 membandingkan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan beberapa teks naratif lisan dan tulis dengan memberi dan meminta informasi terkait fairy tales, pendek dan sederhana, sesuai dengan konteks penggunaannya.

4.7 menangkap makna secara kontekstual terkait fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan teks naratif, lisan dan tulis, sangat pendek dan sederhana, terkait fairy tales.

 

A.   Narrative Text

1.   Pengertian Narrative Text

Narrative text (to narrate: to tell a story, often by reading aloud from a text, or to describe events as they happen) adalah salah satu jenis teks bahasa Inggris yang berfungsi untuk menceritakan suatu cerita yang memiliki rangkaian peristiwa kronologis yang saling terhubung. Berbeda dengan recount text, narrative text ini tidak hanya menyampaikan rangkaian urutan cerita; melainkan juga menyertakan konflik atau permasalahan cerita yang dapat menarik perhatian dan minat para pembaca.

 

2.   Fungsi Sosial Narrative Text

Social function atau fungsi sosial narrative text yaitu:

1.  To tell the past events on legend, myth, folk tale, fairy tale, etc. (untuk menceritakan peristiwa-peristiwa lampau terkait legenda, mitos, cerita rakyat, dongeng, dan lain-lain); 

2.    To amuse or to entertain the reader with a story (untuk menghibur pembaca tentang suatu kisah atau cerita);

3. To give a moral value implicitly to the reader through a story (untuk memberikan sebuah nilai moral secara implisit (tersirat) kepada pembaca melalui cerita).

 

3.   Struktur Umum Narrative Text

Generic structure atau struktur umum Narrative text, yaitu:

a.   Orientation

Orientation merupakan bagian pendahuluan dimana memperkenalkan secara sekilas karakter atau tokoh, setting atau tempat, dan waktu cerita. Pada bagian ini seringkali terdapat kata atau frasa, yaitu “once upon a time ... atau a long time ago ...” yang berarti pada zaman dahulu yang identik dengan Narrtive Text.

b.   Complication/ Conflict

Complication atau Conflict merupakan bagian yang menceritakan awal permasalahan atau konflik mulai muncul pada cerita yang menyebabkan krisis (klimaks: permasalahan mulai memuncak). Complication biasanya melibatkan karakter utama dan seringkali menjadi pusat perhatian pembaca. Konflik dapat berupa intern (muncul karena dan terjadi pada tokoh itu sendiri) ataupun ekstern (muncul karena adanya perselisihan antar tokoh).

Selain itu dalam sebuah cerita konflik dapat muncul beberapa kali dalam situasi yang berbeda. Sementara itu, sebelum complication atau conflict ini terjadi terdapat series of events (rangkaian cerita) atau mungkin sebaliknya.

c.    Resolution

Resolution merupakan bagian akhir atau penutup cerita yang mana berisikan solusi dari masalah atau konflik yang dihadapi oleh para tokoh. Solusi atau akhir dari masalah cerita sangat penting. Selain itu, resolution ini menunjukkan apakah masalah yang diselesaikan dapat menjadi lebih baik atau malah lebih buruk; juga berakhir bahagia atau sedih.

d.   Reorientation/ Coda

Reorientation atau coda merupakan pernyataan penulis untuk menutup cerita dan bersifat opsional (boleh dituliskan atau tidak). Reorientation atau coda ini biasanya berupa pesan pelajaran moral, saran atau pengajaran terkait cerita yang disampaikan penulis.

 

4.   Ciri-Ciri Kebahasaan Narrative Text

Narrative Text memiliki beberapa ciri-ciri kebahasaan atau language features yaitu:

§  Menggunakan pola waktu atau tense, yaitu Past Tense (Masa Lampau), seperti a) Simple Past: be (was, were) atau Verb-2, b) Past Continuous: be (was, were) Verb-ing, 3) Past Perfect: had Verb-3, dan 4) Past Perfect Continuous: had been Verb-ing;

Lihat juga >>> Kinds of Tense: Past Tense

§  Menggunakan Past Modals, seperti can – could, will – would, may – might, have to – had to, shall – should, dan lain-lain;

Lihat juga >>> Auxiliary Verb: Primary & Modals Auxiliary Verb

§  Mengunakan Action Verb (kata kerja yang menunjukkan aksi, tindakan, atau aktivitas yang dilakukan) dalam bentuk Past Tense. Misalnya: Climbed, Turned, Brought, dan lain-lain;

Lihat juga >>> Part of Speech: Verb

§  Menggunakan Specific Nouns (kata benda tertentu) sebagai kata ganti orang, hewan dan benda tertentu dalam cerita. Misalnya: the king, the queen, dan lain-lain;

Lihat juga >>> Part of Speech: Noun

§  Menggunakan Adjective (kata sifat) yang membentuk noun phrase (frasa nomina). Misalnya: long black hair, two red apples, dan lain-lain;

Lihat juga >>> Part of Speech: Adjective

§  Menggunakan Time Connectives dan Conjunctions (kata hubung waktu) untuk menghubungkan tata urutan kejadian/ peristiwa. Misalnya: then, before, after, soon, dan lain-lain;

Lihat juga >>> Part of Speech: Conjunction

§  Menggunakan Adverb (kata keterangan) dan Adverbial Phrase (frasa adverbia) untuk menunjukkan lokasi kejadian atau peristiwa. Misalnya: here, in the mountain, happily ever after, dan lain-lain.

Lihat juga >>> Part of Speech: Adverb

 

          *Catatan:

Ciri-ciri kebahasaan atau language features antara Narrative Text dan Recount Text memiliki kesamaan, yaitu karena ke-2nya menceritakan tata urutan atau rangkaian peristiwa di masa lalu maka menggunakan pola waktu “Past Tense”. Selain itu, ke-2 text tersebut juga memiliki unsur-unsur lainnya yang sama, seperti penggunaan conjunction (kata hubung), adverb (kata keterangan), dan lain-lain.

 

5.   Macam-Macam Narrative Text

Narrative text bisa berupa teks yang bersifat imajinatif, faktual, atau kombinasi keduanya. Narrative text dapat dibedakan menjadi beberapa macam, yaitu: fairy tales (dongeng), folk tales (cerita rakyat), mysteries (misteri), science fiction (fiksi ilmiah), romances (romansa atau percintaan), horror stories (cerita horor), adventure stories (cerita petualangan), fables (fabel: cerita binatang), myths (mitos), legends (legenda), historical narratives (narasi historis), ballads (balada), slice of life (potongan cerita kehidupan), personal experience (pengalaman pribadi), dan lain-lain. Berikut ini beberapa jenis narrative text, yaitu:

a.   Fairy Tales (Dongeng)

Fairy tales merupakan jenis cerita dongeng yang berisi peri, putri & pangeran, dan keajaiban-keajaiban dunia peri lainnya. Dalam cerita kita disuguhkan dengan elemen-elemen yang fantastis atau kejadian magis lainnya. Contoh fairy tale, yaitu Cinderella, Pinokio dan Snow White.

b.   Folk Tales (Cerita Rakyat)

Folktales adalah cerita rakyat yang berasal dari tradisi lisan, diturunkan oleh 'rakyat' pada zaman dahulu dan diceritakan kembali dari generasi ke generasi. Istilah 'cerita rakyat' dikenal juga dengan istilah dongeng, karena cerita rakyat dapat memiliki pelajaran dan pesan moral di akhir ceritanya. Cerita rakyat sering menampilkan orang sebagai karakter utama mereka. Contoh folk tales, yaitu Paul Bunyan and Babe the Blue Ox, Seeking the great wall, The American cowboy Pecos Bill lassoing a tornado dan Ali baba.

c.    Fables (Fabel: Cerita Binatang)

Fables adalah cerita yang biasanya menampilkan binatang atau hewan dalam ceritanya (nyata atau mitos) yang mana binatang atau hewan dalam cerita tersebut diberikan kualitas mirip manusia untuk menyampaikan pesan moral kepada pembaca. Contoh fables, yaitu: The Owl and The Grasshopper, The Gnat and The Bull, The Sheep and The Pig dan lain-lain.

d.   Myths (Mitos)

Mitos adalah cerita dari setiap budaya yang selama berabad-abad telah menjelaskan fenomena alam dan menjawab pertanyaan orang tentang kondisi manusia, kisah asal dan penciptaan, kisah tentang kehidupan, kematian, dan kehidupan setelah kematian. Mitos muncul sebagai catatan kejadian sejarah yang terlalu dilebih-lebihkan, sebagai alegori atau personifikasi untuk kejadian alam atau juga suatu penjelasan mengenai ritual. Karena alasan inilah mitos adalah kisah sakral dan religius bagi orang-orang yang memercayainya. Contoh Myth yaitu Nyai Roro Kidul Batu Menangis dan Ratu Pantai Selatan.

e.   Legends (Legenda)

Legenda didasarkan pada sejarah, bahkan beberapa orang meyakini kebenaran cerita tersebut walaupun tidak didukung oleh fakta dan logika. Legenda tidak menjelaskan misteri dunia seperti mitos, juga tidak menggunakan hewan untuk menyampaikan pesan moral dalam cerita tersebut. Legenda adalah kisah di ujung realitas, sering menampilkan keajaiban atau peristiwa luar biasa. Contoh legend yaitu Robin Hood, Malin kundang, Candi Prambanan dan Telaga warna.

 

6.   Contoh Narrative Text

a.   Narrative Text 1 “The Legend of Malin Kundang”

The Legend of Malin Kundang             A long time ago, in a small village near the beach in West Sumatra, a woman and her son lived. They were Malin Kundang and her mother. Her mother was a single parent because Malin Kundang's father had passed away when he was a baby. Malin Kundang had to live hard with his mother.	Orientation
Malin Kundang was a healthy, diligent, and strong boy. He usually went to the sea to catch fish. After getting fish he would bring it to his mother or sold the caught fish in the town. One day, when Malin Kundang was sailing, he saw a merchant's ship which was being raided by a small band of pirates. He helped the merchant. With his brave and power, Malin Kundang defeated the pirates.           The merchant was so happy and thanked him. In return, the merchant asked Malin Kundang to sail with him. To get a better life, Malin Kundang agreed. He left his mother alone. Many years later, Malin Kundang became wealthy. He had a huge ship and was helped by many ship crews loading trading goods. Perfectly he had a beautiful wife too. When he was sailing his trading journey, his ship landed on a beach near a small village. The villagers recognized him. The news ran fast in the town; “Malin Kundang has become rich and now he is here”. An old woman ran to the beach to meet the new rich merchant. She was Malin Kundang’s mother.           She wanted to hug him, released her sadness of being lonely after so long time. Unfortunately, when the mother came, Malin Kundang who was in front of his well-dressed wife and his ship crews denied meeting that old lonely woman. For three times her mother begged Malin Kundang and for three times he yelled at her. At last Malin Kundang said to her "Enough, old woman! I have never had a mother like you, a dirty and ugly woman!" After that, he ordered his crews to set sail. He would leave the old mother again but at that time she was full of both sadness and angriness. Finally, enraged, she cursed Malin Kundang that he would turn into a stone if he didn't apologize. Malin Kundang just laughed and really set sail.	Complication
In the quiet sea, suddenly a thunderstorm came. His huge ship was wrecked and it was too late for Malin Kundang to apologize. He was thrown by the wave out of his ship. He fell on a small island. It was really too late for him to avoid his curse. Suddenly, he turned into a stone.	Reorientation

 

b.   Narrative Text 2 “Cinderella”

Cinderella   Once upon a time there lived an unhappy young girl. Her mother was dead and her father had married a widow with two daughters. Her stepmother didn’t like her one little bit. All her kind thoughts and loving touches were for her own daughters. She had to work hard all day. Only when evening came was she allowed to sit for a while by the fire, near the cinders. That’s why everybody called her Cinderella.	Orientation
Cinderella used to spend long hours all alone talking to the cat. The cat said, “Miaow“, which really meant, “Cheer up! You have something neither of your stepsisters has and that is beauty.” It was quite true. Cinderella, even dressed in old rags, was a lovely girl. While her stepsisters, no matter how splendid and elegant their clothes, were still ugly and always would be. One day, beautiful new dresses arrived at the house. A ball was to be held at the palace and the stepsisters were getting ready to go. Cinderella didn’t even dare ask if she could go too. She knew very well what the answer would be: “You? You’re staying at home to wash the dishes, scrub the floors, and turn down the beds for your stepsisters.” Cinderella sighed, “Oh dear, I’m so unhappy!” and the cat murmured “Miaow.” Suddenly something amazing happened. As Cinderella was sitting all alone, there was a burst of light and a fairy appeared. “Don’t be alarmed, Cinderella,” said the fairy. “I know you would love to go to the ball. And so you shall!” Cinderella replied, “How can I, dressed in rags?” The fairy smiled. With a flick of her magic wand, Cinderella found herself wearing the most beautiful dress she had ever seen. Said the fairy; “A real lady would never go to a ball on foot! Quick! Get me a pumpkin!” “Oh of course,” said Cinderella, rushing away. Then the fairy turned to the cat. “You, bring me seven mice, and, remember they must be alive!” Cinderella soon returned with the pumpkin and the cat with seven mice he had caught in the cellar. With a flick of the magic wand, the pumpkin turned into a sparkling coach and the mice became six white horses, while the seventh mouse turned into a coachman in a smart uniform and carrying a whip. Cinderella could hardly believe her eyes. “You shall go to the ball Cinderella. But remember! You must leave at midnight. That is when my spell ends. Your coach will turn back into a pumpkin and the horses will become mice again. You will be dressed in rags and wearing clogs instead of these glass slippers! Do you understand?” Cinderella smiled and said, “Yes, I understand!” Cinderella had a wonderful time at the ball until she heard the first stroke of midnight! She remembered what the fairy had said, and without a word of goodbye, she slipped from the Prince’s arms and ran down the steps. As she ran she lost one of her slippers, but not for a moment did she dream of stopping to pick it up! If the last stroke of midnight were to sound… oh… what a disaster that would be! Out she fled and vanished into the night. The Prince, who was now madly in love with her, picked up the slipper and said to his ministers, “Go and search everywhere for the girl whose foot fits this slipper. I will never be content until I find her!” So the ministers tried the slipper on the foot of every girl in the land until only Cinderella was left. “That the awful untidy girl simply cannot have been at the ball,” snapped the stepmother. “Tell the Prince he ought to marry one of my two daughters! Can’t you see how ugly Cinderella is?” but, to everyone’s amazement, the shoe fitted perfectly.	Complication
Suddenly the fairy appeared and waved her magic wand. In a flash, Cinderella appeared in a splendid dress, shining with beauty. Her stepmother and stepsisters gaped at her in amazement, and the ministers said, “Come with us Cinderella! The Prince is waiting for you.“ So Cinderella married the Prince and lived happily ever. As for the cat, he just said “Miaow!”	Reorientation

 

See also:

1.    Kinds of Tense: Past Tense

2.    Part of Speech: Noun

3.    Part of Speech: Adjective

4.    Part of Speech: Adverb

5.    Part of Speech: Conjunction

6.    Part of Speech: Pronoun

7.    Auxiliary Verb: Primary & Modal Auxiliary Verb

 

References:

1.https://www.jagoanbahasainggris.com/2017/02/materi-narrative-text-beserta-dialog-dan-soal-latihan.html accessed on 22nd December 2020

2.http://www.bgfl.org/bgfl/custom/resources_ftp/client_ftp/ks1/english/story_telling/cinderella/cinderella1.htm accessed on 10th January 2020

 

 

Demikian tadi sekilas penjelasan Materi Bahasa Inggris Kelas IX Semester 2 terkait “Narrative Text”. Semoga bermanfaat dan dapat menambah wawasan baru bagi kita dalam belajar bahasa Inggris. Terima kasih...