Pembahasan TOEFL Test Part 11 B The Written Expression "Problem With Passive Verb"

 

TOEFL PART 11B

THE WRITTEN EXPRESSION QUESTIONS

“PROBLEMS WITH PASSIVE VERB”

    Kalimat-kalimat dengan kesalahan pada bentuk pasif, seringkali muncul pada pertanyaan written expression pada TOEFL. Oleh karena itu, kamu harus dapat mengenali bentuk yang benar dari pasif dan mampu menentukan kapan passive verb dan atau active verb diperlukan dalam sebuah kalimat.

    Perbedaan di antara active dan passive verb (kata kerja aktif dan pasif) adalah bahwa subjek pada kalimat aktif melakukan suatu tindakan, dan subjek pada kalimat pasif menerima suatu tindakan. Untuk mengubah kalimat aktif menjadi pasif, terdapat 2 perubahan yang harus dilakukan. (1) Subjek pada kalimat aktif menjadi objek dari kalimat pada kalimat pasif. (2) Verb (kata kerja) pada kalimat pasif dibentuk dengan meletakkan helping verb (kata bantu) “be” dan kemudian menambahkan bentuk past participle verb (Verb-3); be + past participle (Verb-3).

 

Sub Skill:

Skill 38 Recognize Active And Passive Meanings (Mengenali Makna Aktif Dan Pasif)

    Ketika tidak ada objek (dengan atau tanpa by) setelah verb (kata kerja), Anda harus memahami makna pada kalimat tersebut untuk menentukan apakah verb tersebut dalam bentuk aktif atau pasif. Beberapa kalimat dengan passive verb yang salah dan tanpa “by + object”, menunjukkan bahwa verb tersebut seharusnya pasif, merupakan kesalahan kalimat pasif yang paling sulit untuk diketahui pada tes TOEFL. Perhatikan beberapa contoh berikut ini.

(a) We mailed the package at the post office.

(b) The letter was mailed by us today before noon.

(c) The letter was mailed today before noon.

(d) The letter mailed* today before noon.

    Contoh kalimat (a) di atas benar. Kalimat tersebut memiliki active verb yaitu mailed dengan objek yaitu package. Contoh kalimat (b) memiliki passive verb yaitu was mailed bersamaan dengan by us sebagai objek. Contoh kalimat (c) memiliki passive verb yaitu was mailed tanpa sebuah objek. Contoh kalimat (d) merupakan tipe kesalahan kalimat pasif yang seringkali muncul pada tes TOEFL. Tipe kalimat ini memiliki karakteristik sebagai berikut: (1) kesalahan passive verb yang terlihat seperti active verb yang benar, dan (2) tanpa by + object yang menunjukkan bahwa pola passive diperlukan. Untuk membenarkan contoh kalimat (d), active verb perlu diubah menjadi bentuk passive yaitu was mailed.

    Untuk memastikan bahwa sebuah kalimat benar atau salah, Anda harus memahami makna dari subject dan verb. Anda perlu menanyakan pada diri Anda sendiri apakah subjek melakukan sebuah tindakan atau perbuatan (jadi active verb dibutuhkan) atau apakah subjek menerima sebuah tindakan atau perbuatan (jadi passive verb diperlukan). Pada contoh kalimat yang salah di atas, Anda sebaiknya memahami makna dari subject dan verb yaitu the letter mailed. Anda perlu menanyakan pada diri anda sendiri apakah sebuah surat dapat mengirim sendiri (surat melakukan sebuah tindakan) atau apakah seseorang mengirimkan sebuah surat (surat tersebut menerima sebuah tindakan yaitu dikirimkan oleh seseorang). Karena surat tidak bisa dengan sendirinya terkirim, passive diperlukan pada kalimat tersebut.

 

Perlu diingat!!!

Active and Passive Meaning

Active : the subject does the action of the verb (subjek melakukan sebuah tindakan atau perbuatan)

Passive : the subject receives the action of the verb (subjek menerima sebuah tindakan atau perbuatan)

 

Exercise 38

Each of the following sentences contains at least one active verb; however, some of verbs should be passive. Underline the verb twice. Then, indicate if the sentences are Correct (C) or Incorrect (I).

1.    The car parked in a no-parking zone. (.....)

2.    The physics exam began just a few minutes ago. (.....)

3.    Everything to organize the picnic has already done. (.....)

4.    The police investigated him because of his unusual actions. (.....)

5.    The package containing the necessary samples has just sent. (.....)

6.    The vacation to Europe will plan carefully before the schedule departure date. (.....)

7.    The coffee turned bitter when it left on the stove for so long. (.....)

8.    The soccer game won in the closing minutes. (.....)

9.    The clothes made to rival the latest fahions of the season. (.....)

10. When the roads are icy, the buses do not drive. (.....)

 

Key Answer

1.    The car is parked in a no-parking zone. (I) -> tambahkan is sebelum parked sehingga membentuk kalimat passive yang tepat.

2.    The physics exam began just a few minutes ago. (C)

3.    Everything to organize the picnic has already been done. (I) -> tambahkan been sebelum done sehingga membentuk kalimat passive yang tepat.

4.    The police investigated him because of his unusual actions. (C)

5.    The package containing the necessary samples has just been sent. (I) -> tambahkan been sebelum sent sehingga membentuk kalimat passive yang tepat.

6.    The vacation to Europe will plan carefully before the schedule departure date. (I) -> will plan seharusnya will be planned agar menjadi kalimat passive yang tepat.

7.    The coffee turned bitter when it was left on the stove for so long. (I) -> tambahkan was sebelum left sehingga membentuk kalimat passive yang tepat.

8.    The soccer game won in the closing minutes. (C)

9.    The clothes are made to rival the latest fahions of the season. (I) -> tambahkan are sebelum made sehingga membentuk kalimat passive yang tepat.

10. When the roads are icy, the buses do not drive. (I) -> ubah do not drive menjadi aren’t driven sehingga membentuk kalimat passive yang tepat.

 

EXERCISE (Skills 37-38)

Underline the verbs twice in the following sentences. Then, indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).

1.    After the old radiator had be replaced, the travelers continued their cross-country trip. (.....)

2.    During the lightning storm, he struck in the head by a falling tree. (.....)

3.    While I am on vacation, the pets should be feeds every morning and evening. (.....)

4.    A book being written now by a team of writers will be published in the fall. (.....)

5.    I found out that the real estate agent had already been leased the condominium. (.....)

6.    The house that Mrs. Martin has always wanted to buy has just placed on the market. (.....)

7.    The foundation should have been finishing by the construction workers before they left the construction site. (.....)

8.    We must leave that money in the checking account because the bills pay on the first of the month. (.....)

9.    The horses can’t be taken out now because they have been rode for the past few hours. (.....)

10. It is being announced by a presidential aide that a lawyer from Virginia has been named attorney general. (.....)

 

Key Answer

1.    After the old radiator had be replaced, the travelers continued their cross-country trip. (I) -> be seharusnya been untuk membentuk perfect passive yang tepat.

2.    During the lightning storm, he is struck in the head by a falling tree. (I) -> tambahkan is sebelum truck untuk membentuk kalimat pasif yang sempurna.

3.    While I am on vacation, the pets should be feeds every morning and evening. (I) -> feeds diubah menjadi bentuk past participle yaitu fed.

4.    A book being written now by a team of writers will be published in the fall. (C)

5.    I found out that the real estate agent had already been leased the condominium. (I) -> hilangkan been karena merupakan bagian dari kalimat aktif.

6.    The house that Mrs. Martin has always wanted to buy has just been placed on the market. (I) -> tambahkan been sebelum placed untuk membentuk kalimat perfect pasif yang sempurna.

7.    The foundation should have been finishing by the construction workers before they left the construction site. (I) -> finishing diubah menjadi bentuk past participle yaitu finished.

8.    We must leave that money in the checking account because the bills pay on the first of the month. (I) -> pay seharusnya diubah menjadi bentuk passive yaitu are paid.

9.    The horses can’t be taken out now because they have been rode for the past few hours. (I) -> rode diubah menjadi bentuk past participle yaitu riden.

10. It is being announced by a presidential aide that a lawyer from Virginia has been named attorney general. (C)

 

TOEFL EXERCISE (Skill 37-38)

Choose the letter of the word or group of words that best completes the sentence.

1.    ____ discussed by the board of directors when it was proposed again by the supervisors.

(A) The problem had already

(B) The problem is already

(C) The problem had already been

(D) The problem has already

 

2.    Much of the carnage of elephants, giraffes, and big cats____uncaring hunters.

(A) must commit by

(B) must be committed

(C) must have committed

(D) must have been committed by

 

3.    The X-ray treatments____up to the time that he was dismissed from the hospital.

(A) gave daily

(B) were given daily

(C) basically have given

(D) daily had been given

 

Choose the letter of the underlined word or group of words that is not correct.

4.    Particular (A) issues that (B) concern teenagers (C) were (D) covering in the half-hour program.

5.    Electrical (A) impulses (B) may also (C) picked (D) up by the optic nerve.

6.    Workers (A) training for a specific job (B) have a strong possibility of (C) being (D) replace by a machine.

7.    (A) On June 30,1992, international timekeepers in Paris (B) were added an extra (C) second to (D) the day.

8.    The report (A) could not be (B) turned in on time because all the (C) needed work (D) lost.

9.    In English these questions (A) have be (B) formed by (C) changing the word order of a statement, whereas in some languages the word order (D) remains the same.

10. He (A) was not able (B) to define the process (C) by which the body (D) had protected by the immunologic system.

 

Key Answer

1. C 2. D 3. B 4. D, covering -> covered 5. C, picked -> be picked

6. D, replace -> replaced 7. B, were dihilangkan 8. D, lost -> had lost 9. A, have be -> have been 10. D, had protected -> had been protected

 

Source

Longman Preparation Course for the TOEFL Test

See also:

1.    Part of Speech: Verb

2.    Part of Speech: Adverb

3.    Passive Voice

4.    Auxiliary Verb: Primary & Modal Auxiliary

5.    Kinds of Tense: Present Tense

6.    Kinds of Tense: Past Tense

7.    Kinds of Tense: Future Tense

8.    Kinds of Tense: Past Future Tense

9.    TOEFL Part 11 The Structure Questions: Part A & Part B

10. TOEFL Part 12 The Structure Questions

11. TOEFL Part 13 The Structure Questions

12. TOEFL Part 14 The Structure Questions

13. TOEFL Part 15 The Structure Questions

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    Demikian tadi sekilas Penjelasan TOEFL Test Part 11B terkait Structure & Written Expression “Problems With Passive Verb”. Semoga bermanfaat dan dapat menambah wawasan baru bagi kita dalam mempelajari bahasa Inggris; serta, terutama bagi kalian yang ingin atau akan mengikuti tes TOEFL.

    Penulis mengharapkan saran dan kritik yang membangun dari para pembaca berkaitan dengan konteks atau isi tulisan sehingga nantinya hal tersebut dapat penulis jadikan inspirasi dan motivasi untuk melakukan perbaikan dan pengembangan tulisan berikutnya. Terima kasih ;)