CLAUSES
Independent Clauses
1.
Setiap kalimat
setidaknya harus memiliki satu independent clause. Independent clause tersebut
sekurang-kurangnya terdiri dari satu subjek dan satu finite verb (predikat) dan
merupakan sebuah gagasan yang utuh. Perhatikan beberapa contoh independent
clauses berikut ini!
- The president spoke.
- Betty made some
iced tea.
- He is a
doctor.
- They arrived at
2:00.
- I was there.
2.
Dua independent
clauses dapat digabungkan dengan coordinating conjunction yaitu FANBOYS (For,
And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So). Perhatikan beberapa contoh independent clauses
berikut ini!
He went to the
bank, but
it was closed.
She had never been to Los
Angeles before, and she was quite surprised at the rush-hour traffic jams.
Baca Juga:
Dependent Clauses
3.
Sebuah kalimat
dapat memiliki satu atau lebih dependent clauses, masing-masing klausa tersebut
pasti memiliki subject dan finite verb. Dependent clause harus bersaandingan
dengan independent clause karena klausa ini tidak mampu menyampaikan gagasan
utuh dengan sendirinya. Terdapat tiga macam dependent clauses yaitu: noun
clause, relative (adjective) clause, dan adverb clause.
- That he was a criminal
surprised me.
- I know (that) he is from
Canada.
- I do not know what time the party begins.
- He talked about what he had learned in his class.
Baca Juga: Kinds of Clause: Noun Clause
- I do not know the lady who lives next door.
- He is a man (whom)* I respect.
- That is a fern plant, which never blooms.
- This is the book (that)* I borrowed from John.
- That is the couple whose house burned down.
Baca Juga: Kinds of Clause: Adjective Clause
- Before she left, I told
her.
- When it began to rain, we
left.
- If I have time, I will
help you.
- Although he tried hard, he did
not win the race.
- We talked to her after she had surgery.
- He did not go in because he was late.
- I have not seen him since he arrived.
- They met him when they were at college.
Baca Juga: Kinds of Clause: Adverb Clause
*Note:
- Pastikan bahwa setiap dependent clause disandingkan dengan independent clause.
- Ingat bahwa semua clauses, baik independent atau dependent, memiliki subject and finite verb sendiri.
- Finite verb merupakan kata yang dapat digabungkan dan menunjukkan tense, yaitu verb dapat berakhiran (memperoleh suffix) -ed, -s, -ing, dan sebagainya. Sebuah gerund (Verb-ing) atau infinitive (to Verb) bukanlah finite verb.
- Pada penjelasan grammar di atas, terdapat beberapa kata yang berada dalam tanda kurung; hal ini menunjuukan bahwa kata tersebut bersifat optional (pilihan untuk disertakan atau tidak) pada kalimat.
- Ingat bahwa jika terdapat dua independent clauses, maka clause tersebut digabungkan coordinate conjunctions (and, but, etc.). Mereka tidak bisa hanya digabungkan dengan tanda koma (,).
Error Examples
Wrong |
Right |
Give my regards to everyone asks about
me. |
Give my regards to everyone who
asks about me. |
Thinking for many centuries that the
world was flat. |
It was thought for many centuries that
the world was flat. |
President Kennedy committed the U.S. to
being first to land men on the moon, he died before he saw his dream
realized. |
President Kennedy committed the U.S. to
being first to land men on the moon, but he died before he saw his
dream realized. |
To believe that smoking causes some forms
of cancer. |
It is believed that
smoking causes some forms of cancer. |
That Mt. Everest is the highest peak in
the world. |
I know that Mt. Everest is the
highest peak in the world. OR
Mt. Everest is the highest peak in the
world.
|
Because I did not have enough money to go
on vacation this year. |
Because I did not have enough money to go
on vacation this year, I stayed home. OR
I did not have enough money to go on
vacation this year.
|
We were surprised when saw her. |
We were surprised when we saw
her. |
Where they would be staying in Greece. |
She told me where they would be
staying in Greece. |
Skill Builder 6: Clauses
(___) 1. It is hoped that man will someday
inhabit other planets.
(___) 2. Learning that the university plans
to construct a new sports arena next year.
(___) 3. Since it was cool and overcast, we
canceled the picnic.
(___) 4. Why he quit his job with that
prestigious company.
(___) 5. Some people consider marriage to
be the most important thing could happen in life.
(___) 6. That Columbus was not the first
man to set foot in the New World.
(___) 7. He found the book he had been
looking for under the sofa.
(___) 8. We went to San Diego, we spent
many happy hours on the beach.
(___) 9. To think that everyone needs some
form of physical exercise.
(___) 10. The store had a huge
end-of-summer sale, and hundreds of people were at the door when it opened.
(___) 11. If any questions, please ask me
for help.
(___) 12. That he survived that terrible
accident surprised everyone who heard the news.
(___) 13. There is the artist whose
painting received an award.
(___) 14. She is the only person in
this country knows
how to operate
that new equipment.
(___) 15. I noticed that the new couple
next door not at home last week.
Key Answer
1.
Correct 2.
Incorrect 3.
Correct 4.
Incorrect 5.
Incorrect |
6.
Incorrect 7.
Correct 8.
Incorrect 9.
Incorrect 10. Correct |
11. Incorrect 12. Correct 13. Correct 14. Incorrect 15. Incorrect |
Its Correction
1. It is hoped that man
will someday inhabit other planets.
2. It was
learned that the
university plans to construct a new sports arena next year.
3. Since it was cool and
overcast, we cancelled the picnic.
4. I cannot
understand why
he quit his job with that prestigious company.
5. Some people consider marriage to be the
most important thing that could happen in life.
6. Columbus was not the first man to set
foot in the New World. OR That Columbus was not the first man to set foot in
the New World is not surprising.
7. He found the book (that) he had been
looking for under the sofa.
8. We went to San Diego, and we
spent many happy hours on the beach.
9. It is thought that
everyone needs some form of physical exercise.
10. The store had a huge end-of-summer
sale, and hundreds of people were at the door when it
opened.
11. If you have any questions, please ask me for
help.
12. That he survived that
terrible accident surprised everyone who heard the news.
13. There is the artist whose
painting received an award.
14. She is the only person in this country who knows
how to operate that new equipment.
15. I noticed that the new
couple next door was not at home last week.
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