Parallelism: TOEFL "Style" Part 2 Writing Skill

 

TOEFL MASTER

WRITING SKILL

“STYLE: PARALLELISM“

Gambar 1. Parallelism TOEFL Writing Skill

 

Hi, sobat!

Tahukah kamu apa itu parallelism? Ya, parallelism merupakan serangkaian kata, baik noun, adjective, verb, dan sebagainya, disebutkan secara bersamaan pada sebuah kalimat. Parallelism harus memiliki jenis kata dan struktur grammatika yang sama; misalnya I love writing a poem, reading a novel, and watching a cinema. 

Biasanya, kita dapat menemukan parallelism pada compound sentence. Kemudian, kata-kata yang parallel ini dihubungkan dengan beberapa conjunction (kata hubung), baik coordinative conjunction ataupun subordinative conjunction, seperti and, but, as, or, than, atau although.

 

Baca juga:

Kinds of Sentence: Simple, Compound, Complex, & Compound-Complex Sentence

Part of Speech: Conjunction

 

Pada kesempatan kali ini, kita akan membahas “Parallellism”. Yuk simak penjelasannya berikut ini!

 

PARALLELISM

Berikut ini beberapa hal yang perlu diperhatikan terkait parallelism antara lain:

1. Items in a series yaitu benda-benda yang  serangkai atau disebutkan secara bersamaan maka harus parallel; yaitu mereka harus memiliki bentuk grammatika yang sama. Perhatikan beberapa contoh kalimat berikut ini!

 

a. Nouns (Kata Benda)

Contoh: He likes music, art, and history.

 

b. Gerunds (Verb-ing)

Contoh: He loves swimming, dancing, and horseback riding.

 

c. Adjectives (Kata Sifat)

Contoh: He is tall, dark, and handsome.

 

d. Infinitives (to + Verb 1)

Contoh: They wanted to paint the living room, to lay a new carpet, and to buy a new sofa.

*Preposition “to” dapat dihilangkan pada verb phrase ke-2 dan ke-3.

 

e. Past Tense (Verb-2)

Contoh The Romans conquered, colonized, and governed much of the world.

 

f. Past Perfect Tense (Had Verb-3)

Contoh: He had finished the game, had taken a shower, and had eaten lunch by the time I got to his house.

*Auxiliary verb “had” dapat dihilangkan pada verb phrase ke-2 dan ke-3.

 

Baca Juga:

Part of Speech: Verb 

Auxiliary Verb: Primary & Modal Auxiliary Verb

2. Struktur kata yang parallel yang digabungkan oleh coordinative conjunction, seperti and, but, or, atau subordinative conjunction, seperti  as, than, although harus memiliki bentuk grammatika yang sama. Perhatikan beberapa contoh kalimat berikut ini!

 

a. And (Dan)

Contoh: He enjoyed the music of Spain and the sculpture of France.

 

b. But (Tetapi)

Contoh: That verb form is not active, but passive.

 

c. As (Seperti)

Contoh: Taking the bus can be as costly as taking a plane.

 

d. Or (Atau)

Contoh: He wanted to borrow a car or to rent one while his car was being repaired.

 

e. Than (Daripada, dibandingkan)

Contoh: Eating in a restaurant is more fun than cooking at home.

 

f. Although (Meskipun, walaupun)

Contoh: Although he liked to eat good food, he did not like to pay high prices for it.

 

Error Examples

Berikut ini terdapat beberapa kesalahan dalam penggunaan parallelism pada kalimat; serta, pembenarannya!

 

WRONG	RIGHT
When they were in Mexico, they saw museums, ruins, and folk dancing.	When they were in Mexico, they saw museums, ruins, and folk dances.
He is young, intelligent, and has charm.	He is young, intelligent, and charming.
She likes to read, to travel, and painting.	She likes to read, to travel, and to paint.
They came out of the building hurriedly, hailed a cab, and jump into it.	They came out of the building hurriedly, hailed a cab, and jumped into it.
Her husband had bought a house, found a job, and chose a school for the children before she arrived.	Her husband had bought a house, found a job, and chosen a school for the children before she arrived.
We enjoyed the varied cuisine and going to the excellent theater in New York.	We enjoyed the varied cuisine and the excellent theater in New York.
That soup should not be served hot, but at a cold temperature.	That soup should not be served hot, but cold.
Renting an apartment can be as expensive as to buy a house.	Renting an apartment can be as expensive as buying a house.
He did not like to swim or skiing.	He did not like to swim or to ski.
Going on vacation is more fun than to work in the summer.	Going on vacation is more fun than working in the summer.

 

Skill Builder 2: Parallelism

Directions: There is an error in parallelism at some of the sentences below. Decide whether the sentence is correct (C) or incorrect (I).

 (___) 1. When he was a college student, he learned to play tennis, to golf, and swimming.

(___) 2. Do not speak out, but raise your hand.

(___) 3. To face adversity, to solve problems, and to overcome difficulties all give one a sense of satisfaction.

(___) 4. We enjoyed the perfect weather and seeing fjords in Norway.

(___) 5. Go to Window A, ask for a form, and bring it back to me.

(___) 6. Before he died, he had sold his house, wrote a will, and set up a trust fund.

(___) 7. Her hobbies are reading, playing the piano, and gardening.

(___) 8. Being a homemaker is as difficult as working in an office.

(___) 9. After years of dealing with the public, she developed great charm, wit, and confident.

(___) 10. On their vacation they enjoyed swimming at the beach, walking through  the quaint streets, and sitting in the picturesque parks.

(___) 11. He could not decide whether to get a job or studying.

(___) 12. Although he was quick to criticize, he was slow praising his students.

(___) 13. The presidential candidate was a man of intellectual strength, moral character, and personal integrity.

(___) 14. The bellhop took my bags to my room, opened the door, and puts them at the foot of the bed.

(___) 15.  Jogging is more vigorous exercise than to play golf.

 

Key Answer

1.      Incorrect 2.      Correct 3.      Correct 4.      Incorrect 5.      Correct

6.      Incorrect 7.      Correct 8.      Correct 9.      Incorrect 10.  Correct

11.  Incorrect 12.  Incorrect 13.  Correct 14.  Incorrect 15.  Incorrect

 

Its Correction

1. When he was a college student, he learned to play tennis, to golf, and to swim.

2. Do not speak out, but raise your hand.

3. To face adversity, to solve problems, and to overcome difficulties all give one a sense of satisfaction.

4. We enjoyed the perfect weather and fjords in Norway.

5. Go to Window A, ask for a form, and bring it back to me.

6. Before he died, he had sold his house, written a will, and set up a trust fund.

7. Her hobbies are reading, playing the piano, and gardening.

8. Being a homemaker is as difficult as working in an office.

9. After years of dealing with the public, she developed great charm, wit, and confidence.

10. On their vacation they enjoyed swimming at the beach, walking through the quaint streets, and sitting in the picturesque parks.

11. He could not decide whether to get a job or to study.

12. Although he was quick to criticize, he was slow to praise his students.

13. The presidential candidate was a man of intellectual strength, moral character, and personal integrity.

14. The bellhop took my bags to my room, opened the door, and put them at the foot of the bed.

15.  Jogging is more vigorous exercise than playing golf.

 

Next to >>> Style: Wordiness

 

Source

Peterson`s (www.petersons.com). (2007). Peterson`s Master TOEFL Writing Skills. Peterson`s, a Nelnet Company

 

Demikian tadi sekilas Pembahasan TOEFL Writing Skills terkait “Style: Parallelism”. Semoga bermanfaat dan dapat menambah wawasan baru bagi kita dalam mempelajari bahasa Inggris; serta, terutama bagi kalian yang ingin atau akan mengikuti tes TOEFL.

Penulis mengharapkan saran dan kritik yang membangun dari para pembaca berkaitan dengan konteks atau isi tulisan sehingga nantinya hal tersebut dapat penulis jadikan inspirasi dan motivasi untuk melakukan perbaikan dan pengembangan tulisan berikutnya. Terima kasih 😊